Regulation Finder

This Regulation amends the European Climate Law (Regulation (EU) 2021/1119), adding a Union intermediate climate target for 2040: a 90% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions compared with 1990. It allows the use, from 2036, of high-quality international carbon credits consistent with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, capped at 5% of the Union's 1990 net emissions, so that at least 85% of the reduction must be achieved within the Union; it also provides that permanent carbon removals within the Union may be used to offset hard-to-abate residual emissions covered by the ETS, and provides flexibility across sectors and instruments. The 2030 target of a reduction of at least 55% and the 2050 climate neutrality objective remain unchanged. The Commission must review this Regulation every two years from 6 March 2027 and, when proposing the post-2030 climate framework (revisions of the ETS, ESR and LULUCF), take into account competitiveness, simplification, social fairness, energy security and affordability.

This Decision aims to approve, on behalf of the European Community, the Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters (Aarhus Convention) drawn up by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The Convention aims to grant rights to the public and to impose obligations on Parties and public authorities regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice in environmental matters. Improved public access to information, broad public participation in decision-making procedures and access to justice are necessary tools for ensuring public environmental awareness and for promoting better application and enforcement of environmental legislation.

This Directive coordinates Member States' laws, regulations and administrative provisions on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, in order to protect the interests of shareholders, members and third parties while reducing the burden on businesses. It applies to limited liability companies and certain types of partnerships, classifies undertakings as micro, small, medium-sized or large, and sets differentiated disclosure requirements for each category. In particular, it requires large undertakings and public-interest entities active in the extractive industry or the logging of primary forests to disclose payments made to governments, in order to increase transparency.

This Regulation aims to establish mandatory deployment standards for alternative fuels infrastructure in the EU, in particular for road transport, rail, ships and aircraft, to ensure the deployment of sufficient electric recharging stations, hydrogen refuelling stations, liquefied methane refuelling stations and shore-side electricity supply facilities, thereby achieving the carbon neutrality objective of the transport sector and promoting the development of the alternative fuels market. This Regulation applies to all EU Member States and establishes mandatory national targets, user information requirements and mechanisms for drawing up and reporting on national policy frameworks.

This Delegated Regulation amends Article 20 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1804, expanding the types of static and dynamic data that operators and owners of alternative fuels infrastructure must make available. It applies to operators of publicly accessible recharging points and refuelling points and requires them to provide comprehensive information, including operator details, geographic location, vehicle compatibility, payment methods, charging power, hydrogen status, operational status, availability and real-time prices. The aim is to enable users of alternative fuels infrastructure to make informed decisions and, through the common European access point, to ensure that information is uniform and comparable across the EU.

Published by the Commission on 20 July 2026, these guidelines define the scope and responsible parties for AI Act Article 50 transparency obligations, covering AI systems interacting with people (e.g. chatbots), machine-readable marking of AI-generated content, deepfakes, AI-generated text on matters of public interest, and notice for emotion recognition and biometric categorisation systems, and explain exceptions such as standard spelling and grammar correction. Article 50 applies from 2 August 2026; for generative AI systems placed on the market before that date, Article 50(2) applies from 2 December 2026.

Published by the Commission on 18 July 2025, these guidelines explain the scope of AI Act obligations for GPAI model providers: what a GPAI model is, who is a 'provider', what 'placing on the market' means, exemptions for open-source models and the effect of adhering to the GPAI Code of Practice. As an indicative criterion, a model trained with more than 10^23 FLOP that can generate language (text or audio), text-to-image or text-to-video is a GPAI model. GPAI obligations apply from 2 August 2025; models already on the market must comply by 2 August 2027.

Published by the Commission on 6 February 2025 and formally adopted on 29 July 2025 as C(2025) 5053 final, these guidelines help determine whether a software system is an 'AI system' under Article 3(1) of the AI Act. They break the definition into seven elements: machine-based; designed to operate with some autonomy; may show adaptiveness after deployment; explicit or implicit objectives; infers from input how to generate outputs; outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions; and can influence physical or virtual environments. The guidelines are non-binding and will be updated with practical experience.

Published by the Commission on 4 February 2025, these guidelines explain the AI practices prohibited under Article 5 of the AI Act, including harmful manipulation and deception, exploitation of vulnerabilities, social scoring, individual criminal risk prediction, untargeted scraping of facial images, emotion recognition in workplaces and education, biometric categorisation and real-time remote biometric identification for law enforcement. They give legal explanations and practical examples to ensure consistent application across the EU; they are non-binding and authoritative interpretation rests with the Court of Justice. Article 5 applies from 2 February 2025.

This implementing decision publishes in the OJ the reference of the first AI Act harmonised standard, EN 18286:2026 'Artificial intelligence - Quality management system for EU AI Act regulatory purposes'. Developed by CEN and CENELEC under standardisation request C(2025) 3871, it covers quality management systems for AI system providers, including post-market monitoring processes. Under AI Act Article 40, conformity gives a presumption of conformity with the requirements it covers from the date of publication. Adopted 12 October 2026, published and in force on 14 October 2026.

Adopted under Article 68(1) of the AI Act, this implementing regulation establishes the scientific panel of independent experts in AI, which supports the AI Office in enforcement, in particular by issuing 'qualified alerts' on systemic risks of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models, and supports Member State market surveillance authorities. The panel has at most 60 members selected through a public call, serving renewable two-year terms, independent of AI system and GPAI model providers. Adopted 7 March 2025, published in the OJ on 10 March 2025 and in force from 30 March 2025.

On 10 June 2026 the Commission published the final Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-generated Content, helping providers and deployers of generative AI systems meet AI Act Article 50. Section 1 covers providers' machine-readable marking and detection (Article 50(2)); Section 2 covers deployers' disclosure and labelling of deepfakes and AI-generated text on matters of public interest (Article 50(4)). In an opinion published on 9 July 2026 the Commission found the Code adequately covers Article 50(2), (4) and (5), and the AI Board adopted its adequacy assessment.

This Regulation amends Delegated Regulation (EU) No 231/2013 as regards the sustainability risks and sustainability factors to be taken into account by alternative investment fund managers (AIFMs). The amendment expressly requires AIFMs to include the assessment of sustainability risks when assessing investment risks, to reflect the capacity to integrate sustainability risks in their internal procedures, systems, internal controls and human resources, and, when identifying conflicts of interest, to cover conflicts arising from the integration of sustainability risks. This Regulation also requires AIFMs to incorporate principal adverse impacts into their due diligence policies, in order to achieve consistency with Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability-related disclosures and to ensure the level of investor protection.

This Directive establishes uniform standards for the assessment and management of ambient air quality, protecting human health and the environment by defining air quality target values, limit values and long-term objectives. It covers measurement, assessment and monitoring procedures for a range of pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fine particulate matter and ozone, and requires Member States to establish air quality plans and short-term action plans to meet pollutant concentration targets.

This Directive establishes a uniform framework for the assessment and management of ambient air quality in order to achieve the zero pollution objective, so that air quality in the EU is progressively improved to levels no longer harmful to human health, natural ecosystems and biodiversity. It sets air quality standards, including limit values, target values, average exposure reduction obligations, average exposure concentration objectives, critical levels, alert thresholds, information thresholds and long-term objectives, and lays down requirements on monitoring methods, assessment criteria, information to the public and cooperation on transboundary pollution.

This Regulation lays down uniform rules and procedures for the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union airports. By adopting the "Balanced Approach", it provides for an integrated assessment of four main types of measures (reduction of noise at source, land-use planning, noise abatement operational procedures and operating restrictions) in order to improve the noise situation around airports and protect residents' health while maintaining the efficiency of the air transport network. This Regulation applies to airports with more than 50,000 civil aircraft movements per year, and its scope is defined with respect to fixed-wing civil aircraft. It repeals and replaces Directive 2002/30/EC.

This Directive amends Directive (EU) 2015/849 to strengthen the EU regulatory framework for preventing the use of the financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing. Key measures include: bringing virtual currency exchange providers and custodian wallet providers into scope as regulated entities; lowering the thresholds for anonymous prepaid cards; establishing beneficial ownership registers (covering corporate entities and trusts); setting up centralised automated mechanisms for financial accounts and safe-deposit boxes; strengthening customer due diligence for high-risk third countries; and enhancing information exchange and cooperation between financial intelligence units (FIUs).

This Directive aims to prevent the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering and terrorist financing, and to protect the integrity, stability and reputation of the Union's financial system. This Directive applies to credit institutions, financial institutions and professionals engaged in financial services (including auditors, lawyers, estate agents, providers of gambling services, etc.), and requires them to apply customer due diligence, suspicious transaction reporting, disclosure of beneficial ownership information, internal controls and other measures in order to effectively prevent money laundering and terrorist financing.

This Regulation lays down public health and animal health rules for animal by-products and derived products in the EU, in order to prevent and minimise risks to public and animal health arising from those products, and in particular to protect the safety of the food and feed chain. It governs every stage of animal by-products and derived products, including collection, transport, handling, processing, storage, placing on the market, use and disposal, and establishes a three-category risk classification that sets out the permitted uses and treatment methods for each category. It also repeals and replaces Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002.

This Regulation aims to implement the public health and animal health rules for animal by-products and derived products laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009, and to implement the provisions of Directive 97/78/EC on exemptions from checks at border inspection posts. It lays down detailed operational requirements for the collection, transport, handling, processing, storage, traceability and disposal of animal by-products, technical standards for disposal methods such as incineration, composting and anaerobic digestion, and the conditions for the manufacture and placing on the market of specific derived products (such as pet food, organic fertilisers and biodiesel), with the aim of maintaining a high level of protection of public health and animal health in the Union.

This Convention aims to strengthen judicial cooperation between EU Member States in the fight against corruption involving officials of the European Communities or officials of Member States. It provides for criminal penalties for passive and active corruption and establishes mechanisms for jurisdiction, extradition, prosecution and cooperation between Member States, to ensure that the Convention is applied consistently and effectively throughout the European Union.

This Directive establishes rules on actions for damages to ensure that any natural or legal person who has suffered harm caused by an infringement of competition law by an undertaking or an association of undertakings can effectively exercise the right to claim full compensation. This Directive sets out mechanisms for coordinating enforcement by competition authorities with civil actions for damages, and regulates key matters such as the disclosure of evidence, quantification of harm, the passing-on defence, joint and several liability of co-infringers, protection of leniency programmes and consensual settlement procedures, in order to ensure the effective and consistent application of competition rules in the EU internal market and to protect victims' right to compensation.

This Directive lays down rules against tax avoidance in order to protect the EU internal market from base erosion and profit shifting practices that directly affect it. It sets a minimum level of protection for all taxpayers subject to corporate tax in one or more Member States, through measures including interest limitation, exit taxation, a general anti-abuse rule, controlled foreign company rules and hybrid mismatch rules, to ensure that tax is paid fairly and effectively where profits are generated.

This Directive aims to include civil aviation activities in the EU greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme by amending Directive 2003/87/EC, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector. From 1 January 2012, it applies the allowance system to all flights arriving at or departing from EU airports, including free allocation, auctioning and a special reserve, and establishes an administrative framework between aircraft operators and Member States.

Implementing decision adopted under Article 10(6) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 on European standardisation that publishes in the Official Journal the reference of EN 18060:2025 (Road vehicles - Rechargeable batteries with internal energy storage - Performance and durability of alkali-ion (Li-ion, Na-ion), Pb, NiMH and combined chemistries EV modules and batteries), drafted by CEN under standardisation request C(2021)8614; it is the first harmonised standard under the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and is listed without restrictions. Batteries conforming to it are presumed to conform, under Article 15, with the Batteries Regulation requirements it covers (such as Article 10 performance and durability). Published in the OJ and in force on 2026-09-16.

This Directive aims to amend Directive 2006/66/EC, extending the restrictions on cadmium and mercury content in batteries and accumulators. Specific measures include: prohibiting the use of cadmium in portable batteries and accumulators intended for use in cordless power tools (exemption maintained until 31 December 2016), prohibiting button cells with a mercury content below 0.0005% (effective from 1 October 2015), establishing harmonised requirements for the producer registration procedure, and adjusting the European Commission's delegated and implementing powers in line with the Lisbon Treaty. This Directive covers the design, labelling, calculation of recycling efficiencies and removal requirements for waste batteries and accumulators.

This Regulation amends the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 as regards the obligations of economic operators concerning battery due diligence policies. The amendment postpones the date of application of the battery due diligence obligations from 18 August 2025 to 18 August 2027, and postpones the deadline for publishing the guidelines from 18 February 2025 to 26 July 2026. This gives economic operators sufficient time to analyse and adjust their supply chains and gives conformity assessment bodies sufficient time to complete the designation procedure, in order to ensure the effective functioning of the internal market while preventing and reducing the adverse impacts of batteries and waste batteries on the environment and maintaining a high level of protection of human health.

Adopted under Article 71(4) of the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, this Delegated Regulation sets the methodology for calculating and verifying recycling efficiency rates and rates of recovery of materials from waste batteries, and the format of the documentation recyclers submit to competent authorities. Recycling efficiency covers lead-acid, lithium-based, nickel-cadmium and other batteries; material recovery covers cobalt, copper, lead, lithium and nickel. The aim is for recyclers across the EU to demonstrate in a consistent way that they meet the Annex XII targets of the Batteries Regulation. It mainly applies to recyclers; battery producers and producer responsibility organisations use these figures when selecting recycling partners.

These Commission guidelines, issued under Article 11(9) of the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, are interpretative and not legally binding (binding interpretation belongs to the Court of Justice of the EU). They explain how the Article 11 removability and replaceability requirements for portable batteries and light means of transport (LMT) batteries apply: what "readily removable and replaceable by the end-user" means, which tools may be required, who counts as an independent professional, how to assess derogations for wet-environment appliances and medical devices, compatible batteries, spare-part availability, and software that must not block replacement. Article 11 applies from 18 February 2027, so product design needs to adapt in advance.

Updated guidelines adopted by the Commission on 2026-07-14 under Article 11(9) of the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (C(2026) 5032) and published in the OJ on 2026-10-22 (C/2026/5531), updating Commission Notice C/2025/214 of January 2025; they were revised in spring 2026 following the first call for derogation applications and discussions with Member States and stakeholders. They explain removability, replaceability, commercially available, specialised and proprietary tools and independent professionals; the partial derogations of Article 11(2) (wet-environment appliances, medical and IVD devices, wearables); the full derogations of Article 11(3) on safety or data integrity grounds; and compatible batteries, spare part availability and software limitations. Article 11 applies from 2027-02-18. The guidelines are not legally binding; final interpretation rests with the Court of Justice.

This Regulation supplements Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 by requiring benchmark administrators to explain in the benchmark statement how environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors are reflected in each benchmark or family of benchmarks they provide and publish. It sets out a uniform template for the explanation to ensure comparability between benchmarks, and lays down specific disclosure requirements according to the type of underlying assets. In particular, it sets additional disclosure rules for EU Climate Transition Benchmarks, EU Paris-aligned Benchmarks and significant equity and bond benchmarks, in support of the emission reduction goals of the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal.

This Regulation supplements the EU Benchmarks Regulation (EU 2016/1011) by specifying how benchmark administrators must explain how environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors are reflected in the benchmark methodology. It sets minimum content requirements and a uniform template to ensure comparability between benchmarks and to provide investors with clear and consistent ESG disclosures. It applies to benchmarks with potential climate impact (such as equity and bond benchmarks) and does not apply to commodity benchmarks or to interest rate or foreign exchange benchmarks.

This Regulation supplements the minimum standards for EU Climate Transition Benchmarks (EU CTB) and EU Paris-aligned Benchmarks (EU PAB). It sets out the design methodology for both types of benchmark, rules for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, decarbonisation trajectory targets, exclusion criteria and transparency requirements, in order to ensure that investment flows are consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C scenario and to prevent greenwashing, so that the carbon intensity of benchmark constituents declines year on year while appropriate exposure to high-carbon sectors is maintained to reflect the real economy.

This Directive aims to protect species of wild birds naturally occurring in the European territory. This Directive covers the protection, management and control of all species of birds naturally occurring in the wild state in the territory of the EU Member States, and lays down rules for their exploitation. This Directive applies to birds, their eggs, nests and habitats. It aims to maintain the population of bird species at a level that corresponds to ecological, scientific and cultural requirements, while taking account of economic and recreational requirements. Protection measures should address the various factors resulting from human activity, in particular habitat destruction and pollution, capture and killing by humans, and the related trade.

This Regulation establishes a common EU regulatory framework for benchmarks, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of indices used in financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of investment funds. It governs benchmark administrators, contributors of input data and supervisory arrangements, in order to prevent benchmark manipulation, protect consumers and investors, and maintain financial market stability.

This Regulation amends Articles 60 and 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR), extending from 31 December 2025 to 31 December 2030 the protection period for new data submitted on or after 7 June 2018 for active substance/product-type combinations for which no approval decision had been taken before 7 June 2018. Data owners may claim fair compensation from operators on the Article 95 list of suppliers that benefited from the protection gap between 1 January 2026 and the entry into force of this Regulation.

This Implementing Regulation establishes common templates governing the procedures, format and technical details for Member States' transfer of information from their national databases for the energy performance of buildings to the EU Building Stock Observatory. It covers statistical reporting on energy performance certificates, inspections of buildings, renovation passports, smart readiness indicators and building energy consumption, ensuring that information is transmitted in a structured and standardised manner and that the privacy of personal data is protected.

This Directive aims to ensure that information on the fuel economy and CO2 emissions of new passenger cars is available to prospective buyers or lessees in the EU, enabling consumers to make informed choices. It applies to all new passenger cars sold or leased in the EU and requires operators to attach a fuel economy label at the point of sale, produce a fuel economy guide, display a poster at the point of sale and disclose official fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data in all promotional literature, in order to encourage consumers to choose lower-emission models.

This Regulation aims to lay down the requirements and criteria for greenhouse gases to be considered permanently chemically bound in a product. This Regulation supplements the EU Emissions Trading Directive (2003/87/EC) by setting out the conditions under which carbon dioxide that has been converted through an actively controlled utilisation process and permanently chemically bound in a product does not enter the atmosphere for at least several centuries under normal use and under normal activities taking place after the end of life of the product. In particular, it recognises mineral carbonate building products (such as concrete, bricks and tiles, and aggregates), and establishes a product list and a periodic review mechanism to keep pace with technological developments and innovation.

This Regulation supplements Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 by laying down rules for identifying authorised oil and gas producers, the method for calculating their contributions and their reporting obligations, in order to support achievement of the Union's 2030 target for CO2 geological storage capacity. It applies to authorisation holders that produced natural gas and crude oil between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2023, allocating the target of 50 million tonnes of annual CO2 injection capacity in proportion to their production, and sets exclusion thresholds of 610 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent and less than 5% of total Union production, so as to keep the administrative burden reasonable and ensure a fair allocation of resources.

This Directive aims to amend Directive 2004/37/EC to strengthen the protection of workers from the risks of occupational exposure to carcinogens or mutagens. It does so by establishing occupational exposure limit values, skin notations and transitional measures covering mineral oils, diesel engine exhaust emissions, trichloroethylene, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dibromide and other carcinogenic or mutagenic substances, and requires Member States to transpose it into national law within the specified deadline. This Directive applies to the EU Member States and the countries of the European Economic Area.

This Directive aims to protect workers from risks arising from exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work. It lays down particular minimum requirements, including limit values, setting a minimum level of protection for all workers in the EU. It applies to workers in all work activities who are or may be exposed to carcinogens or mutagens, and requires employers to carry out risk assessments, implement preventive measures, conduct health surveillance, and provide appropriate personal protective equipment, information and training.

This Regulation establishes a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) that puts a corresponding cost on the greenhouse gas emissions embedded in certain goods imported into the customs territory of the Union, in order to prevent the risk of carbon leakage, reduce global carbon emissions and support the objectives of the Paris Agreement. By ensuring that imported goods bear a carbon cost equivalent to that borne by domestic products, the mechanism will gradually replace the current free allocation system under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).

This Regulation aims to establish the technical infrastructure and operating procedures of the registry for the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It provides for a standardised and secure electronic database for managing CBAM certificates, CBAM declarations, applications for authorised CBAM declarant status, registration of operators and verification reports, while ensuring data protection, institutional interoperability and system security. The registry is to support the European Commission in risk analysis and the monitoring of circumvention, and is interconnected with existing customs systems (including EORI, the surveillance system and the customs risk management system).

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) 2023/956 in order to simplify and strengthen the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Its main purpose is to reduce the compliance burden on importers while ensuring that the emissions of at least 99% of imported goods remain covered by CBAM. The Regulation introduces a de minimis exemption based on a single mass-based threshold (50 tonnes net mass), applicable to the four sectors of iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers and cement. Imports of electricity and hydrogen are not covered by this exemption. The Regulation sets out the obligations of authorised CBAM declarants, operators and accredited verifiers, and strengthens the monitoring by customs authorities and competent authorities of compliance with the mass threshold. It also adjusts the provisions on carbon price deductions, the purchase and sale of certificates, holding amounts and penalties, to ensure the effectiveness and environmental integrity of the mechanism.

This Directive aims to establish a legal framework for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, ensuring environmentally safe, permanent underground geological storage and thereby contributing to the fight against climate change. It requires operators to obtain exploration permits and storage permits, establish monitoring plans and financial security mechanisms, and draw up corrective measures. This Directive applies to the geological storage of CO2 in the territory of the Member States, their exclusive economic zones and their continental shelves, but does not apply to activities with a total intended storage of less than 100 tonnes undertaken for research, development or testing.

This Decision recognises the CertifHy voluntary scheme as an eligible mechanism for demonstrating that renewable fuels of non-biological origin comply with the requirements of EU Directive 2018/2001. The scheme covers the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for all types of renewable fuels of non-biological origin, has global geographic coverage and is able to oversee the entire supply chain. The CertifHy scheme has been assessed and recognised by the European Commission as meeting standards of reliability, transparency and independent auditing, and follows the methodological requirements laid down in Delegated Regulations (EU) 2023/1184 and 2023/1185. The recognition takes effect from 21 December 2024 and is valid until 21 December 2029.

This Regulation aims to strengthen cooperation among Union agencies in the field of chemicals by re-attributing scientific and technical tasks to the appropriate Union agencies, in order to implement the 'one substance, one assessment' approach. It amends the food safety Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, the European Environment Agency Regulation (EC) No 401/2009, the Medical Devices Regulation (EU) 2017/745 and the Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulation (EU) 2019/1021, re-attributes existing scientific and technical work to the European Chemicals Agency, and establishes a common assessment methodology, data exchange formats and controlled vocabularies to improve the consistency, efficiency and transparency of chemical safety assessments across Union legislation.

This Directive aims to promote the public procurement of clean and low-emission road transport vehicles in the EU, supporting the transition to low-emission mobility. It amends Directive 2009/33/EC and requires Member States to ensure that contracting authorities and contracting entities take into account lifetime energy and environmental impacts, including energy consumption and emissions of CO2 and pollutants, when procuring certain road transport vehicles. This Directive sets minimum procurement targets for clean light-duty vehicles and clean heavy-duty vehicles and applies to public procurement contracts for which the call for competition is issued after 2 August 2021, covering purchase, lease, rental and hire-purchase, as well as certain public transport service contracts.

This Regulation amends the EU Benchmarks Regulation (EU 2016/1011) to establish a regulatory framework for EU Climate Transition Benchmarks (EU CTB) and EU Paris-aligned Benchmarks (EU PAB), together with sustainability-related disclosure requirements for benchmarks. By introducing minimum standards, clear labelling requirements and methodological transparency, this Regulation ensures the quality and integrity of low-carbon benchmarks and prevents greenwashing, in order to channel capital in the EU internal market towards sustainable investment and to support the global objective of limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

This Regulation aims to ensure the harmonisation of the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, in order to protect human health and the environment while ensuring the free movement of substances, mixtures and certain articles. It establishes hazard classification criteria, labelling requirements and packaging rules, and sets up the classification and labelling inventory. It applies to all substances and mixtures supplied in the EU, except radioactive substances, substances in transport, non-isolated intermediates and substances for scientific research under controlled conditions.

This Regulation amends Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on the classification, labelling and packaging of chemical substances in order to address the challenges of globalisation, technological development and new sales channels such as e-commerce. Its main objectives are: (1) to require that an operator established in the Union ensures that substances or mixtures comply with the requirements, strengthening controls on online sales; (2) to align the classification rules for multi-constituent substances with the assessment method for mixtures; (3) to extend harmonised classification to the new hazard classes (endocrine disruptors, persistent and bioaccumulative substances, etc.); (4) to establish a digital labelling system and relax the conditions for using fold-out labels; (5) to regulate the supply of chemicals at fuel stations and refill stations; (6) to strengthen the disclosure of labelling information in advertising and online sales; (7) to improve the notification system for emergency health response information; and (8) to promote the development and use of non-animal test methods.

This Delegated Regulation amends Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in order to harmonise the classification and labelling of certain substances. Based on the 2023 opinions of the Committee for Risk Assessment of the European Chemicals Agency, it adds or updates the harmonised classification and labelling of a total of 31 substances, including 2-ethylhexanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol, N-1-naphthylamine, ozone, dinitrogen oxide and barium salts, to ensure the protection of human health and the environment.

This Regulation is an advance measure of the Omnibus VI chemicals simplification package. It amends the dates of application and transitional provisions of the 2024 CLP amending Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/2865), postponing the mandatory application date of certain labelling-related obligations from 2026 to 1 January 2028 to give economic operators (in particular SMEs) more time to prepare. The postponed items include: label format and legibility requirements (minimum font size, line spacing, etc.), rules on advertising and promotional wording (such as the ban on terms like "non-toxic"), obligations for distance selling and online platforms, and labelling at fuel stations and of bulk fuel (supplier name, UFI). Core provisions concerning human health and environmental protection (classification obligations for the new hazard classes ED, PBT/vPvB and PMT/vPvM, PCN deadlines, digital labelling) are not affected; companies may voluntarily apply the new rules early.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) 2019/631 by introducing a one-off flexibility for 2025 to 2027, allowing car manufacturers to comply with the CO2 emission performance standards over this three-year period on the basis of average emissions, while maintaining the existing emission reduction targets. This Regulation applies to manufacturers and operators of new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles.

This Regulation aims to establish CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles in the EU. By setting EU fleet-wide targets for 2020, 2025 and 2030 and manufacturer-specific emission targets, it promotes greenhouse gas emission reductions in the road transport sector while ensuring the proper functioning of the EU internal market and supporting the market deployment of zero- and low-emission vehicles. This Regulation replaces Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 and applies from 1 January 2020.

This Directive amends EU Directive 2014/53/EU in order to harmonise the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment. The amendment establishes a common charging interface and charging communication protocol for specific categories of radio equipment, requiring the relevant devices to be fitted with a USB Type-C receptacle and the USB Power Delivery protocol. It covers devices such as mobile phones, tablets, digital cameras, headphones, game consoles, speakers, e-readers, keyboards, mice, portable navigation systems, earbuds and laptops. The aim is to improve consumer convenience, reduce electronic waste, avoid market fragmentation and promote the circular economy. Economic operators must offer the option of purchasing without a charging device and indicate information on charging devices using the specified pictogram and label.

This Regulation aims to establish a common data platform on chemicals, ensuring that chemicals data are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable, and to set up a monitoring and early warning mechanism for chemicals. Through the common data platform managed by ECHA, it integrates the chemicals data held by Union bodies and Member States in order to raise the level of protection of the environment and human health, facilitate trade in chemicals on the internal market, increase public trust in science-based decision-making and reduce animal testing.

This Regulation aims to establish a Union system for supply chain due diligence to control trade in tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold minerals and metals originating from conflict-affected and high-risk areas, to prevent armed groups and security forces from financing themselves through trade in such minerals, to protect human rights and to promote responsible sourcing. It applies to Union importers whose annual import volumes reach the specified thresholds, who must comply with obligations on management systems, risk management, third-party audits and disclosure of information.

This Directive aims, by achieving a high level of consumer protection, to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market by approximating certain aspects of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning contracts concluded between consumers and traders. It lays down standard rules for distance contracts and off-premises contracts, including pre-contractual information requirements, the right of withdrawal, delivery rules and limits on payment charges, and repeals the previous directives on off-premises contracts and distance contracts.

This Regulation supplements the EU Emissions Trading System Directive (2003/87/EC) by laying down rules on the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purposes of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It applies to eligible aircraft operators and covers international flights within the EU and to and from overseas territories, regulating the use of eligible fuels, the cancellation of emissions units and the transmission of related data to the ICAO Secretariat. This Regulation repeals and replaces Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603, to align with the requirements of the second edition of the CORSIA Standards and Recommended Practices.

This Regulation lays down rules on the safety and circulation of cosmetic products, to ensure that all cosmetic products on the EU market meet standards for the protection of human health. It harmonises Member States' laws on cosmetic products and establishes uniform substance restrictions, safety assessment, labelling requirements and market surveillance mechanisms, including a list of prohibited substances, restrictions on carcinogenic and mutagenic (CMR) substances, an animal testing ban, controls on nanomaterials, and clearly defined responsibilities for the responsible person.

This Regulation aims to establish EU-wide horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements, ensuring that products meet essential cybersecurity requirements at the design, development and production stages, and setting out manufacturers' vulnerability handling obligations during the support period, in order to raise the level of cybersecurity of products in the internal market and protect consumers and organisations. This Regulation applies to all software and hardware products with digital elements sold on the EU market, including their remote data processing solutions, with the exception of products already regulated by other Union legislation, such as medical devices, vehicles and aviation products.

This Regulation aims to establish a voluntary Union framework for the certification of carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products, in order to facilitate and encourage the deployment of high-quality carbon removals and soil emission reduction activities as a complement to comprehensive emission reductions, so as to achieve the EU's 2050 climate neutrality objective under its commitments under the Paris Agreement. The framework sets quality criteria for permanent carbon removal, carbon farming and carbon storage in products activities, rules on verification and certification, rules on the operation and recognition of certification schemes, and rules on the issuance and use of certified units, and establishes a Union registry to ensure transparency and traceability while avoiding double counting and greenwashing. This Regulation applies to activities carried out in the Union and does not apply to emissions covered by Directive 2003/87/EC, except for the capture and storage of CO2 from biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels that meet the sustainability criteria of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework for ensuring a secure, resilient and sustainable supply of critical raw materials in the Union. By establishing a list of strategic raw materials, setting capacity benchmarks, designating Strategic Projects, streamlining permitting procedures, strengthening monitoring and risk assessment, and promoting circularity and sustainability measures, it seeks to reduce the risk of supply disruption, protect the functioning of the internal market, and support the green and digital transitions and the defence and aerospace sectors.

Proposed by the Commission on 3 December 2025 with the RESourceEU action plan (procedure 2025/0385(COD)), amending the Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1252). Key changes: under Article 24 the Commission, rather than Member States, identifies and notifies the large companies subject to supply-chain risk assessments, and the content of risk assessments and mitigation measures is clarified; Article 28 expands the list of products considered for permanent magnet labelling; Article 29 brings pre-consumer magnet waste into recycled content. The Council (4 March 2026) and the European Parliament (20 October 2026; 470 in favour, 83 against, 108 abstentions) have adopted their positions; trilogues are pending.

This Directive requires companies above certain size thresholds to carry out risk-based human rights and environmental due diligence with respect to their own operations, their subsidiaries and business partners in their chain of activities: integrating due diligence into policies and risk management, identifying, assessing and prioritising adverse impacts, preventing and bringing impacts to an end, providing remediation, engaging with stakeholders, establishing a complaints mechanism, and reporting publicly each year. As amended by Directive (EU) 2026/470 (Omnibus I), the thresholds are raised to more than 5,000 employees and a worldwide net turnover of more than EUR 1.5 billion (for non-EU companies, a net turnover generated in the EU of more than EUR 1.5 billion), the climate transition plan obligation and the EU harmonised civil liability provision are deleted, and the maximum fine is 3% of worldwide net turnover; Member States must complete transposition by 26 July 2028, and the Directive applies from 26 July 2029. Companies below the thresholds are not directly covered but may, as business partners, receive information requests from in-scope customers.

This Directive aims to establish a uniform EU framework for corporate sustainability disclosure. It requires large undertakings, listed SMEs and third-country undertakings with significant activity in the EU to disclose environmental, social and governance (ESG) information in their annual management report in accordance with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Its core elements include: the double materiality principle (considering both financial materiality and impact materiality), mandatory third-party limited assurance, digital tagging in iXBRL format, and disclosure obligations on value chain information covering the supply chain. This Directive repeals and replaces Directive 2014/95/EU (NFRD), extending the number of undertakings in scope from approximately 11,700 to an originally expected approximately 50,000 (following amendment by Dir (EU) 2026/470 Omnibus I, scope is narrowed to undertakings with more than 1,000 employees and annual net turnover of more than EUR 450 million).

This Directive aims to amend the implementation timelines of the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. It postpones the application dates of certain sustainability reporting obligations, deferring by two years the obligations originally due to start reporting in 2025 and 2026, to 2027 and 2028. It also postpones the application dates of the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive by one year and adjusts the Member State transposition deadline, in order to reduce the administrative burden on undertakings and give them sufficient time to prepare.

This Regulation establishes harmonised Union rules on access to and use of data, ensuring that consumers and businesses can fairly access and use data generated by connected products or related services. It covers rights of access to product data and related service data, fair contractual terms between parties exchanging data, obligations of providers of data switching services, and the right of public sector bodies to obtain data in situations of exceptional need. It also prohibits improper access by third-country governmental bodies to, and transfer of, non-personal data held in the Union, and promotes the interoperability of data spaces and rules on smart contracts.

This Regulation replaces the 2004 Detergents Regulation and establishes a modernised framework for detergents and surfactants. Main changes: the scope is extended to detergents containing microorganisms (which must meet the requirements of Annex II) and to sales of refills; manufacturers must create a Digital Product Passport (DPP) for each product and may place it on the market only after registering it in the registry, technical documentation and the DPP must be kept for 10 years, importers must verify that the DPP exists, and customs may carry out automated checks; some labelling information may be provided in digital form only, but health and environmental information and minimum instructions for use must remain on the physical label; surfactant biodegradability requirements are extended to films and polymers (2032-03-23) and to certain organic substances (2034-03-23); the phosphate limits for consumer laundry and dishwasher detergents are maintained; animal testing to obtain the data required under this Regulation is prohibited in principle.

This Regulation aims to establish an EU data governance framework that facilitates the re-use within the internal market of protected data held by public sector bodies, sets up a notification and supervisory framework for providers of data intermediation services, establishes a framework for the voluntary registration of data altruism organisations, and sets up the European Data Innovation Board. Its scope covers the conditions for the re-use of public sector data, the protection of trade secrets and intellectual property rights, requirements for providers of data intermediation services, rules on data altruism activities, and safeguards for cross-border data transfers.

This Regulation is the AI part of the Digital Omnibus simplification package and amends the application timeline and certain obligations of the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). Main contents: obligations for Annex III high-risk AI systems are postponed to 2 December 2027 and those for Annex I (high-risk systems covered by product safety legislation) to 2 August 2028, while high-risk systems in the public sector remain at 2 August 2030; the general date of application of the AI Act, 2 August 2026, is unchanged; for generative AI systems placed on the market before 2 August 2026, the machine-readable marking obligation under Article 50(2) has a grace period until 2 December 2026; a new prohibition is added on AI systems that create non-consensual intimate images (from 2026-12-02); the AI Office obtains enforcement powers covering investigations, inspections, commitments and fines (Articles 75a to 75d); SMEs and small mid-caps benefit from simplified technical documentation, proportionate quality management systems, priority access to sandboxes and lower caps on fines; the AI literacy obligation in Article 4 is changed to 'take measures to support'; a new Article 4a provides a legal basis for processing special categories of data to detect and correct bias; and the delegated act integrating the high-risk requirements into the Machinery Regulation must apply before 2028-08-02.

This implementing decision publishes in the OJ the references of six harmonised standards for digital product passports: EN 18216 (data exchange protocols), EN 18219 (unique identifiers), EN 18220 (data carriers), EN 18221 (data storage, archiving and persistence), EN 18222 (APIs) and EN 18223 (system interoperability). Under ESPR Article 41(2), DPPs conforming to these standards are presumed to meet the requirements of ESPR Articles 10 and 11 they cover. Adopted 14 July 2026, published and in force on 15 July 2026.

Adopted under Article 13(5) ESPR, this implementing regulation sets the structure of the Commission's digital product passport (DPP) registry, identity verification of economic operators and value chain actors, the DPP registration procedure, data management and security. It covers products under ESPR delegated acts and other products that EU law requires to be registered, including batteries, construction products, toys and detergents. Adopted 16 July 2026, published in the OJ on 17 July 2026 and in force from 6 August 2026.

This Directive aims to lay down Community requirements for the protection of the health of the general public with regard to radioactive substances in drinking water, setting parametric values for radon, tritium and the indicative dose, and laying down the frequency and methods for monitoring and analysing radioactive substances, so that the general public is protected from radioactive contamination of drinking water. This Directive applies to water intended for human consumption, including water supplied from a distribution network, from a tanker or in bottles or containers, and water used in food-production undertakings, but excludes natural mineral waters and waters that are medicinal products.

This Directive aims to improve the functioning of the internal market by establishing common accessibility requirements, eliminating and preventing barriers to the free movement of products and services. This Directive covers computer hardware systems for consumer use, self-service terminals, electronic communications services, audiovisual media services, passenger transport services, consumer banking services, e-books and e-commerce services, requiring economic operators to ensure that the products and services they provide meet the essential accessibility requirements, so that persons with disabilities can participate equally in society.

This Regulation aims to lay down ecodesign requirements for refrigerating appliances with a direct sales function in order to reduce their energy consumption and environmental impact. It applies to equipment such as supermarket refrigerated cabinets, beverage coolers, ice-cream freezers, gelato-scooping cabinets and refrigerated vending machines. By setting maximum energy efficiency index values, resource efficiency requirements and information requirements, it is expected to deliver annual energy savings of around 48 TWh by 2030 and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 100 million tonnes.

This Regulation implements Directive 2009/125/EC by establishing ecodesign requirements for computers and computer servers. It sets basic requirements for total annual energy consumption (ETEC), sleep mode, standby mode, lowest power state and internal power supply efficiency for products including desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, notebook computers, desktop thin clients, workstations, mobile workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers, in order to reduce energy consumption and protect the environment.

This Regulation lays down ecodesign requirements for household dishwashers pursuant to Directive 2009/125/EC. It applies to electric mains-operated household dishwashers, including built-in dishwashers, and sets minimum standards for energy efficiency, water efficiency, functional performance, low power modes, resource efficiency and information disclosure. It is expected to achieve annual electricity savings of 2.1 TWh, a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 0.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent and water savings of 16 million cubic metres by 2030, while supporting the development of the circular economy.

This Regulation establishes ecodesign requirements for electronic displays under Directive 2009/125/EC. It applies to electronic displays such as televisions, computer monitors and digital signage displays, covering energy efficiency limits, standby mode power consumption limits, material efficiency and accessibility for repair. By setting energy efficiency index limit values, prohibiting software mechanisms that circumvent testing, requiring ecodesign principles (including ease of repair and availability of spare parts) and circular economy measures (such as plastics marking, halogen-free flame retardants and cadmium warning logos), it aims to reduce the energy consumption of electronic displays by about 39 TWh per year (by 2030) and to support resource recycling.

This Regulation aims to lay down ecodesign requirements for external power supplies in order to meet energy efficiency standards and reduce environmental impacts. It regulates the placing on the market and putting into service of external power supplies with a rated output power of no more than 250 watts, including requirements on no-load power consumption and average active efficiency, and repeals the previous Regulation (EC) No 278/2009. It is expected to deliver annual energy savings of 4.3 TWh by 2030, equivalent to a reduction of 1.45 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent.

This Regulation lays down ecodesign requirements for lighting products and separate control gears in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. It covers the placing on the market of light sources and separate control gears, sets mandatory requirements on energy consumption, functionality and information disclosure, and repeals three previous lighting product regulations (Regulations (EC) No 244/2009, (EC) No 245/2009 and (EU) No 1194/2012) to unify the regulatory framework.

This Regulation aims to establish ecodesign requirements for electric motors and variable speed drives, reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of such products in the Union by improving their energy efficiency. It applies to three-phase induction motors with a rated output of 0.12 to 1,000 kW and the corresponding variable speed drives, including those integrated into other products, and requires operators to provide product information, carry out due diligence and comply with minimum efficiency standards, with phased implementation from 1 July 2021.

This Regulation aims to lay down mandatory energy efficiency requirements for the ecodesign of electric refrigerators and other refrigerating appliances for storing foodstuffs, in order to reduce their energy consumption and environmental impact. This Regulation applies to mains-operated refrigerating appliances with a volume of more than 10 litres and not more than 1,500 litres, and sets requirements on their energy efficiency index, functional performance, resource efficiency and information disclosure. By setting progressively stricter efficiency standards, it is expected to achieve annual energy savings of 10 TWh by 2030. This Regulation repeals and replaces Regulation (EC) No 643/2009 and is to be reviewed periodically in line with technological progress.

This Regulation aims to establish ecodesign requirements for servers and online data storage products in order to reduce energy consumption and improve resource efficiency. It applies to servers and online data storage products placed on the EU market and expressly excludes embedded application servers, small-scale servers, servers with more than four processor sockets, server appliances, large servers, fully fault-tolerant servers, network servers, small data storage products and large data storage products. The main environmental aspects are energy use, reparability, reusability, upgradability and recyclability, with expected savings of about 9 TWh of annual energy consumption by 2030.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 laying down ecodesign requirements for small, medium and large power transformers. It covers minimum energy efficiency standards, maximum permissible load losses and no-load losses, and the compliance procedures to be followed when transformers are placed on the market or put into service. This amendment mainly strengthens the Tier 2 efficiency requirements, provides regulatory relief for specific installation situations, and prohibits manufacturers from designing products that automatically alter their performance to improve test parameters. The scope covers transformers with a power rating of 1 kVA and above used in 50 Hz electricity transmission and distribution networks or for industrial applications.

This Regulation lays down ecodesign requirements for household washing machines and household washer-dryers pursuant to Directive 2009/125/EC, in order to reduce energy and water consumption and to promote resource efficiency and circular economy objectives. It covers design requirements for electric mains-operated automatic washing machines and washer-dryers, including indicators such as energy efficiency, washing efficiency, rinsing effectiveness, programme duration and water consumption, and sets resource efficiency requirements such as the availability of spare parts, reparability and recyclability. It also repeals and replaces the predecessor Regulation (EU) 1015/2010.

This Regulation lays down ecodesign requirements for welding equipment pursuant to Directive 2009/125/EC. It applies to welding equipment powered from the mains electricity supply, covering processes including manual metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, self-shielded flux-cored welding, flux-cored arc welding, metal inert gas welding, tungsten inert gas welding and plasma arc cutting. It establishes energy efficiency requirements, resource efficiency requirements (including availability of spare parts, access to repair information, and disassembly for recycling) and information requirements, and is expected to achieve annual energy savings of 1.09 TWh by 2030 and reduce CO2 emissions by around 0.27 million tonnes.

This Regulation aims to set out scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine-disrupting properties under the Biocidal Products Regulation (EU) No 528/2012. It establishes scientific criteria for identifying substances with endocrine-disrupting properties that cause adverse effects on human health and non-target organisms, based on the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Programme on Chemical Safety, and applies a weight-of-evidence approach. It applies in all EU Member States, to improve the free movement of biocidal products within the Union while ensuring a high level of protection of human health, animal health and the environment.

This Directive aims to establish a common Union framework for promoting energy efficiency to ensure that the Union's 2030 energy efficiency targets are met. It covers the energy efficiency first principle, Member States' national contributions, the leading role of the public sector, public procurement requirements, energy efficiency obligation schemes, alternative policy measures, building renovation standards, district heating and cooling systems, energy audits, smart metering, sustainability indicators for data centres and the protection of vulnerable customers, with a view to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and ensuring an inclusive and fair energy transition.

This Directive aims to establish a common framework for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to achieve the 2020 target of a 20% reduction in energy consumption, and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond 2020. It lays down measures to remove barriers in the energy market and overcome market failures, and sets indicative national energy efficiency targets for 2020. It covers all areas of energy end use, supply, transmission and distribution, with a focus on building renovation, the exemplary role of public bodies, the energy services market, transparency of metering and billing, and energy audits and energy management systems.

This Directive amends Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU in order to achieve the EU's binding 2030 energy efficiency target of at least 32.5%. It establishes a common framework requiring Member States to achieve, through energy efficiency obligation schemes or alternative policy measures, final energy consumption savings of at least 0.8% per year between 2021 and 2030. It also mandates remotely readable metering, transparent billing information and measures to protect energy-poor households, in order to remove barriers in the energy market, apply the energy efficiency first principle and contribute to the climate goals of the Paris Agreement.

This Directive establishes a harmonised framework for the environmental impact assessment of public and private projects, requiring Member States to carry out environmental impact assessments before projects are implemented, so as to ensure that projects likely to have significant effects on the environment are subject to an assessment procedure before development consent is given. It covers the identification, description and assessment of the environmental effects of projects, including factors such as human beings, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climate and the landscape, and lays down procedures for public participation, transboundary consultation and access to justice.

This Directive establishes a framework of environmental liability based on the 'polluter pays' principle, to prevent and remedy environmental damage. It makes operators whose activities have caused environmental damage or an imminent threat of such damage financially liable, in order to induce operators to adopt measures and develop practices that minimise the risks of environmental damage. It applies to damage to protected species and natural habitats, water damage and land damage. Its provisions cover preventive action, remedial action and cost recovery mechanisms, as well as the powers of competent authorities, the right of interested parties to request action and review procedures.

This Regulation consolidates and replaces the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) and the 3R Type-Approval Directive (2005/64/EC), integrating circularity requirements into vehicle design and type-approval. Main elements: minimum recycled plastic content targets for new vehicles (15%, later rising to 25%; chemical recycling may be counted only using the mass balance approach, and the Commission must lay down calculation and verification methods by 2028-08-31); declaration of recycled content and future minimum content requirements for rare earth elements used in permanent magnets (neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, terbium, samarium, boron); battery packs and electric drive motors must be removable to enable reuse and high-quality recycling; a digital Circularity Vehicle Passport (applying from around 2032) covering dismantling and repair instructions, recycled content declarations, and information on hazardous substances and components; manufacturers must publish a circularity strategy within 36 months of entry into force and update it every 5 years; extended producer responsibility and requirements for the treatment of end-of-life vehicles; recycled material from non-EU sources does not count towards the targets before 2030-08-14, and thereafter must meet equivalent environmental, occupational health and safety and EPR standards and pass an audit under Annex XIII.

This Directive harmonises Member States' laws on electromagnetic compatibility to ensure the functioning of the internal market, requiring equipment to meet an adequate level of electromagnetic compatibility. It applies to equipment made available on the market (including apparatus and fixed installations), sets out the obligations of manufacturers, importers and distributors, and establishes conformity assessment procedures, rules on CE marking and a system of notified conformity assessment bodies.

This Directive establishes a general framework prohibiting direct and indirect discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation in employment and occupation. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the principle of equal treatment in employment and occupation is put into effect, including provisions on reasonable accommodation for persons with disabilities, justification of differences of treatment on grounds of age, positive action, judicial remedies and protection against victimisation. This Directive does not cover differences of treatment based on nationality, social security schemes, the armed forces or certain specific situations in Northern Ireland.

This Regulation aims to establish a uniform framework for energy labelling, laying down rules on the labelling of energy-related products, the disclosure of product information and the provision of supplementary information, so that consumers can compare the energy efficiency of products and make more efficient choices. This Regulation applies to energy-related products placed on the Union market or put into service, but second-hand products (except those imported from third countries) and means of transport are excluded from its scope.

This Regulation establishes a governance mechanism for the Energy Union and climate action. By integrating national energy and climate plans, long-term strategies, regular progress reports and monitoring arrangements, it ensures that Member States and the EU collectively achieve the 2030 and long-term energy and climate targets, including greenhouse gas emission reductions, renewable energy and energy efficiency, and promotes regional cooperation and transparent governance among Member States.

This Regulation aims to amend the EU Regulation on European environmental economic accounts by incorporating climate change mitigation investment and the classification of environmental purposes into the statistical reporting framework. The amendments cover three annexes, on environmental protection expenditure accounts, the environmental goods and services sector, and environmental subsidies and similar transfers, in order to align with the Classification of Environmental Purposes endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission in February 2024, so that Member States collect and disclose climate change mitigation data by sector, supporting the achievement of the EU's 2050 climate neutrality objective.

This Directive aims to strengthen environmental protection through criminal law measures. It requires Member States to establish certain environmentally harmful conduct as criminal offences, including the unlawful discharge of hazardous substances into air, soil or water, and offences relating to waste management, operations involving dangerous substances, the handling of nuclear materials and the protection of wild fauna and flora. It applies to infringements committed intentionally or with serious negligence and provides that both natural and legal persons are to bear criminal liability. Member States shall establish effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal penalties.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 by introducing new environmental economic accounts modules (forest accounts, environmental subsidies and similar transfers accounts, and ecosystem accounts), in order to build a complete system of European environmental economic accounts. It covers data collection, compilation, transmission and evaluation, to support the monitoring of EU environmental policy implementation, the tracking of the climate neutrality objective and the fulfilment of international environmental commitments.

This Directive establishes minimum rules on environmental crime and strengthens environmental protection by harmonising Member States' criminalisation of and penalties for environmental offences. It covers offences such as polluting discharges, the manufacture and sale of hazardous substances, illegal waste management, illegal fishing, breaches of species protection, invasive alien species controls, and ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gas emissions. It lays down the criminal liability of natural and legal persons and accompanying penalty mechanisms, including environmental restoration obligations, fines, withdrawal of permits and publication of decisions.

This Directive aims to establish a common approach to the assessment and management of environmental noise, through noise mapping, information to the public and the adoption of action plans, in order to avoid, prevent or reduce progressively the harmful effects of environmental noise on human health and quality of life, and to lay a basis for future EU measures to reduce noise emitted by the major sources (in particular road and rail transport, aircraft, and outdoor and industrial equipment).

This Directive aims to promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the EU by establishing a common framework. It lays down a methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings, minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings and for existing buildings undergoing renovation, energy performance certificates, regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems, the establishment of independent control systems, and national plans for nearly zero-energy buildings, in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU.

This Directive amends the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (Directive 2010/31/EU) and the Energy Efficiency Directive (Directive 2012/27/EU) to support the EU's goal of a highly energy-efficient and zero-carbon building stock by 2050. It requires Member States to establish long-term renovation strategies with clear milestones and measurable progress indicators to achieve the decarbonisation goals for 2030, 2040 and 2050; strengthens inspection regimes for technical building systems; introduces a smart readiness indicator to assess the digital capability of buildings; sets requirements for electric vehicle recharging infrastructure in new and renovated buildings; and improves links to energy efficiency financing mechanisms.

This Directive aims to improve the energy performance of buildings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a view to achieving a zero-emission building stock by 2050. It establishes a common framework for calculating the energy performance of buildings, minimum energy performance requirements for new and existing buildings, the definition of zero-emission buildings, solar energy deployment, building renovation passports, smart building ratings, energy performance certificates, inspections of systems and independent control systems. Its scope includes mandatory energy efficiency standards for all new and existing buildings in the Member States, requirements for technical building systems, sustainable mobility infrastructure and building data management.

Proposed by the Commission on 10 December 2025 (procedure 2025/0395(COD)) as part of the environmental simplification package. Article 56(3) of the Batteries Regulation and Article 45(3) of the PPWR require producers supplying products in another Member State to appoint an EPR authorised representative there. The proposal would temporarily release producers established in the EU from this obligation (appointment becomes optional) until 1 January 2035; producers established outside the EU must still appoint one. Parliament's position of 20 October 2026 limits the suspension to EU-established small and micro enterprises, until the Circular Economy Act enters into force or 1 January 2035, whichever comes first. The Council adopted its negotiating mandate on the packaging part on 21 October 2026, using a threshold of less than 1 tonne of packaging per Member State per year. Trilogues are pending; until adoption, the current authorised representative obligations continue to apply (PPWR Article 45(3) has applied since 12 August 2026).

Proposed by the Commission on 10 December 2025 together with COM(2025) 982 (procedure 2025/0396(COD)) as part of the environmental simplification package. It would amend the authorised representative rules for EPR in the Waste Framework Directive (textiles and footwear), the WEEE Directive and the Single-Use Plastics Directive, so that producers established in the EU temporarily need not appoint an authorised representative in other Member States, until 1 January 2035; producers established outside the EU must still appoint one. As a directive, it must be transposed by Member States once adopted. Parliament's position of 20 October 2026 limits the suspension to EU-established small and micro enterprises, until the Circular Economy Act enters into force or 1 January 2035, whichever comes first. The Council position and trilogues are pending; until adoption and transposition, current national authorised representative rules continue to apply.

This Directive aims to establish environmental quality standards for surface water bodies in the EU in order to achieve good chemical status. It covers priority substances and certain other pollutants, sets annual average environmental quality standards and maximum allowable concentrations, and requires Member States to establish an inventory of emissions, discharges and losses in order to monitor concentrations of priority substances, carry out long-term trend analysis and coordinate measures to manage transboundary pollution. This Directive also repeals five earlier directives, consolidating the regulatory framework for chemical pollution control.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework for the transparency and integrity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating activities, in order to strengthen the independence, comparability, impartiality, systematic nature and quality of ESG ratings, thereby advancing the Union's sustainable finance agenda and supporting the flow of capital towards sustainable investment. This Regulation lays down uniform authorisation, supervisory and organisational requirements for ESG rating providers operating in the Union, establishes an equivalence, endorsement and recognition regime for third-country providers, and sets transparency disclosure obligations for regulated financial undertakings that issue ESG ratings incorporated into financial products.

This Regulation establishes a framework for setting ecodesign requirements for sustainable products, in order to improve the environmental sustainability of products, make sustainable products the norm on the market and ensure the free movement of compliant products in the internal market. It also establishes a Digital Product Passport (DPP) system, mandatory green public procurement requirements and a framework to prevent the destruction of unsold consumer products. It covers all physical goods placed on the market or put into service, including components and intermediate products, but does not apply to food, feed, medicinal products, living plants and animals, vehicles and other products governed by specific legislation.

On 16 April 2025 the Commission published the first ESPR and Energy Labelling Working Plan, setting under Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 (ESPR) the product groups prioritised for ecodesign requirements. Priority final products are textiles/apparel, furniture, tyres and mattresses; intermediate products are iron and steel and aluminium; horizontal measures cover repairability (including scoring) and recycled content and recyclability of electrical and electronic equipment. The plan also sets the timetable for ongoing energy-related product ecodesign and energy label reviews. Years given are indicative adoption dates; binding requirements will follow in delegated acts.

Adopted under Article 25(5) ESPR, this delegated regulation sets ten grounds on which unsold consumer products listed in ESPR Annex VII (currently apparel, clothing accessories and footwear) may still be destroyed, and the documentation required. Adopted 9 February 2026, published in the OJ on 22 April 2026, in force 12 May 2026 and applicable from 19 July 2026, the same day the destruction ban starts for large enterprises.

Adopted under Article 24(3) ESPR, this implementing regulation sets the details and format for large enterprises (and medium-sized enterprises from 19 July 2030) to disclose information on discarded unsold consumer products; micro and small enterprises are excluded. Companies disclose annually, in the Annex I format, the number, weight, reasons for discarding and waste treatment shares per product category (CN code). Adopted 9 February 2026, published in the OJ on 10 February 2026, in force 2 March 2026 and applicable from 2 March 2027.

This Regulation lays down the Member States' obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2021 to 2030, achieving an overall reduction target of 30% compared with the 2005 baseline and covering sectors outside the EU Emissions Trading System such as energy, industrial processes, agriculture and waste, in order to deliver on the Paris Agreement commitments and drive climate action. It also provides for measures including the mechanism for determining annual emission allocations, flexibility instruments, compliance checks and a safety reserve.

This Regulation amends the EU regulation on greenhouse gas emission reductions in order to implement the objectives of the European Climate Law (Regulation EU 2021/1119) and the Paris Agreement. It adjusts Member States' minimum contributions to greenhouse gas emission reductions for the period 2021 to 2030, raising the reduction target from 30% to 40% compared with 2005 emission levels. Through annual emission allocations, borrowing and banking mechanisms, flexibility for transfers of emission allocations, flexibilities involving the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), and a strengthened corrective action mechanism, it ensures that Member States meet their annual emission allocation obligations and promotes a just and inclusive energy transition. This Regulation also amends the Governance Regulation (Regulation EU 2018/1999), requiring Member States to increase the level of information they disclose.

This Decision determines, pursuant to Chapter IVa of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) rules, the total quantity of allowances to be issued for 2027 for buildings, road transport and additional sectors. Under Article 30c(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC, the European Commission was required to publish the quantity of allowances for that year by 1 January 2025. This Decision sets the total number of allowances for 2027 at 1,036,288,784, calculated on the basis of the 2024 emission limits by applying a linear reduction factor of 5.10%.

This Regulation lays down rules for the monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions under the EU Emissions Trading System. It applies to operators carrying out the activities listed in Annex I and to aircraft operators, which are required to establish a monitoring plan approved by the competent authority, monitor emissions using a tier-based methodology and submit a verified annual emissions report by 31 March each year. This Regulation applies from 1 January 2021 and repeals and replaces Regulation (EU) 2012/601, although the provisions of the latter continue to apply to emissions occurring before 2021.

This Regulation amends Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1122 to improve the operation of the Union Registry for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Main elements include: introducing an excluded status for maritime operator accounts to address cyclical changes in maritime activity, establishing an exclusion mechanism for biomass, creating national competent authority accounts for reporting 2025 historical emissions data and 2026 verified emissions data, implementing an account blocking mechanism to ensure compliance with the surrender of allowances, adjusting allocation procedures for aviation allowances, regulating the return of past allowances, extending the deadline for requesting transaction reversals, and strengthening the information disclosure functions of the Union Registry.

This Regulation aims to establish a uniform legal framework for the development, placing on the market, putting into service and use of artificial intelligence systems in the Union. By adopting a risk-based approach, it prohibits certain unacceptable AI practices, sets mandatory requirements for high-risk AI systems and lays down transparency obligations for certain AI systems, in order to protect health, safety, fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law and the environment, while supporting innovation and promoting the development of trustworthy AI. This Regulation applies to AI systems placed on the market or used in the Union, irrespective of whether the provider is established in the Union.

This Regulation aims to establish a harmonised regulatory framework for batteries and waste batteries in order to achieve sustainability, safety and circular economy objectives. It covers sustainability requirements for batteries (including carbon footprint and recycled content declarations), safety requirements, labelling and information requirements, and the management, recycling and producer responsibility for waste batteries. It applies to all categories of batteries sold or put into service on the EU market, including portable batteries, starting, lighting and ignition batteries, light means of transport batteries, electric vehicle batteries and industrial batteries. It also requires economic operators to carry out battery due diligence to identify and prevent social and environmental risks in raw material supply chains.

This Charter sets out the fundamental human rights and freedoms that the European Union and its Member States must observe when implementing EU law. It reaffirms and strengthens the protection of the universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity, covering six areas (dignity, freedoms, equality, solidarity, citizens' rights and justice), and lays down general provisions governing its interpretation and application.

This Regulation aims to establish and implement a voluntary EU Ecolabel scheme to promote products with a reduced environmental impact and to provide consumers with accurate, scientifically based environmental information. This Regulation applies to all goods and services supplied on the EU market, except medicinal products for human and veterinary use and medical devices. It requires products to meet specific environmental criteria, with competent bodies designated by each Member State responsible for certification and supervision, and sets corresponding penalties for infringements.

This Directive establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the EU in order to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective and economically efficient manner. The scheme applies to emissions from the activities listed in Annex I and the greenhouse gases listed in Annex II, with the aim of helping the EU and its Member States meet their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, namely an 8% reduction in emissions over the period 2008-2012 compared with 1990 levels. This Directive also amends Council Directive 96/61/EC with regard to related environmental control requirements.

This Regulation aims to reduce the EU's contribution to global deforestation by regulating commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss. It applies to relevant products that contain or are made using the relevant commodities, namely cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya and wood, and requires operators and traders to carry out due diligence before placing products on the market or exporting them, to ensure that the products are deforestation-free and produced in accordance with local laws. It shall apply first to products covered by the former Regulation (EU) No 995/2010, which this Regulation repeals.

This Regulation makes targeted amendments to, and simplifies, the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Main points: the date of application is postponed by a further year to 30 December 2026 (30 June 2027 for micro and small enterprises); the obligation to submit due diligence statements is limited to operators that first place products on the EU market, downstream operators and traders do not need to submit them again, and only the first downstream operator must collect and keep the statement reference numbers; certain printed products are removed from the scope; and the Commission is required to present a simplification review report by 30 April 2026 (the Commission published it on 4 May 2026, together with updated guidance, FAQs and a draft delegated act on product scope). Stakeholder exchanges take place within the Commission's existing multi-stakeholder platform.

This Delegated Regulation amends the list of relevant commodities and relevant products in Annex I to the EUDR. It adds 17 product entries, mainly palm oil-derived chemicals (alcohols, acids, esters, soaps, etc. under HS headings 2905, 2915, 2916, 2921, 2923, 2924, 3401, 3823, 3824 and 3907), frozen bovine tongues (HS 0206 21 00) and instant coffee and coffee extracts (HS 2101 11 00). It also removes raw bovine and equine hides and skins and leather (ex 4101, ex 4104, ex 4107), conveyor and transmission belts (ex 4010), articles of vulcanised rubber (ex 4016) and soya beans for sowing (HS 1201). In addition, it clarifies that waste, second-hand goods, samples, packaging, promotional material and correspondence, as well as palm oil derivatives in medicinal products, are outside the scope.

This Regulation establishes a uniform standard for European Green Bonds (EuGB), laying down the requirements for financial and non-financial undertakings and sovereigns issuing environmentally sustainable bonds; establishes a registration and supervision system for external reviewers; and provides voluntary disclosure templates for bonds marketed as environmentally sustainable and for sustainability-linked bonds. Through uniform procedures and transparency requirements, it ensures that bond proceeds are used for environmentally sustainable economic activities, prevents greenwashing, and promotes the integration of the EU internal market and the flow of capital towards sustainable investment.

This Regulation establishes common technical requirements for the type approval of light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6), setting vehicle emission limits and rules on the durability of pollution control devices, on-board diagnostic systems, the measurement of fuel consumption, and non-discriminatory access by independent operators to vehicle repair and maintenance information. It applies to vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1 and N2 with a reference mass not exceeding 2,610 kg, and aims to harmonise Member States' emission standards, ensure free movement within the internal market and achieve a high level of environmental protection.

This Regulation establishes a harmonised EU emissions type-approval system regulating the CO2 emissions, pollutant emissions, fuel consumption and battery durability of motor vehicles and engines, covering vehicles of categories M1, M2, M3, N1, N2 and N3, trailers of categories O3 and O4, and tyres of classes C1, C2 and C3. It consolidates and repeals the previous EU Regulations No 715/2007 and No 595/2009, establishes the Euro 7 emission standard and requires vehicles to comply with emission limits and durability requirements throughout their entire lifetime.

This Regulation aims to establish the legal framework for achieving climate neutrality, setting the objective of EU climate neutrality by 2050 and a reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55% compared with 1990 levels by 2030. It covers anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals regulated in Union law, and requires Member States and Union institutions to take the necessary measures to achieve the collective climate neutrality objective, taking into account the principles of fairness, solidarity and cost-effectiveness.

This Regulation aims to supplement the European Social Entrepreneurship Funds Regulation (EU 346/2013) by specifying the conflict of interest policies, social impact measurement procedures and investor information disclosure requirements that managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds must put in place. It sets out the prevention, monitoring and management measures that managers shall adopt when managing funds, to ensure that the interests of qualifying funds and their investors are protected and that investors receive sufficient information to assess the fund's social impact measurement methodology, investment strategy and risks.

This Regulation aims to regulate the containment, use, recovery, recycling and destruction of fluorinated greenhouse gases, and to set conditions for their production, import, export and making available on the market, in order to achieve the EU's climate objectives and meet its international obligations under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. It covers the fluorinated compounds listed in Annexes I, II and III and the products and equipment containing them, and establishes a quota system for placing hydrofluorocarbons on the market, with the aim of a gradual reduction to zero emissions by 2050.

This Decision aims to approve Finland's unilateral extension of the scope of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), extending the emissions trading system for buildings, road transport and other sectors to additional sectors not listed in Annex III to Directive 2003/87/EC. The Decision authorises Finland to include three additional sectors in the emissions trading system, namely waterborne navigation, stationary combustion in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and non-road machinery on agricultural and forestry land, with allowances issued on the basis of average emissions of 1,179,206 tonnes of CO2 in 2016-2018.

This Regulation aims to conserve fisheries resources and protect marine ecosystems through technical measures. It governs fishing activities by Union fishing vessels and third-country fishing vessels in Union waters, and by Union fishing vessels in certain international waters. It prohibits certain fishing gear, sets minimum protection standards (including mesh sizes and minimum conservation reference sizes), establishes regional technical measures, protects sensitive species and marine habitats and reduces discards, in order to achieve the objectives of the Common Fisheries Policy.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) 1026/2012, strengthening the Union's measures against third countries allowing non-sustainable fishing. It defines specific situations of failure to cooperate, clarifies what is meant by best scientific advice, broadens the scope of fisheries management measures (including control measures), and strengthens the procedure for communication and consultation between the European Commission and the countries concerned. It also requires the Union, when assessing trade relations with the countries concerned, to refer to historical import data in order to understand actual import patterns accurately. The Regulation applies in all EU Member States and also covers situations within the framework of regional fisheries management organisations.

Implementation guidelines (C(2026) 4386) issued by the Commission under Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2024/3015, explaining how the ban on products made with forced labour is applied and enforced. They cover: scope (all products and all economic operators, including online sales targeting EU consumers); the definition of forced labour (based on ILO Convention No 29) and risk indicators; competent authorities' risk-based prioritisation of investigations; preliminary and formal investigation procedures; prohibition decisions and withdrawal and disposal; customs enforcement and the penalties framework; and due diligence recommendations for economic operators (the OECD six-step approach). The guidelines are not legally binding; only the provisions of the parent Regulation are binding.

This Regulation establishes uniform rules on the provision of food information to consumers, ensuring that consumers have adequate, accurate and easily understandable food labelling information so that they can make informed choices and use food safely. It specifies the mandatory food information (including the name of the food, list of ingredients, net quantity, date of minimum durability and nutrition declaration), and regulates how information is displayed, its legibility and the principles of presentation. It also repeals and replaces earlier Directives, ensuring the modernisation of the food labelling system and market consistency.

This Regulation aims to prohibit products made with forced labour from being placed or made available on the Union market and from being exported, thereby improving the functioning of the internal market while combating forced labour. Economic operators may not place or make available on the Union market products made with forced labour, nor export such products. This Regulation applies to all types of products and to all stages of the supply chain, including extraction, harvesting, production and manufacturing, but does not cover the withdrawal of products that have reached end users.

This Regulation establishes a legal framework for the free flow of non-personal data within the EU. By prohibiting data localisation requirements (unless justified on grounds of public security and in compliance with the principle of proportionality), it ensures the freedom to provide data processing services across borders and promotes competition in the internal market. Its provisions include the prohibition of data localisation requirements and related notification obligations, the right of competent authorities to obtain access to data, data porting requirements for professional users, and transparency obligations for operators, service providers and the public sector.

This Regulation lays down uniform EU rules setting requirements on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels, and an obligation to connect to on-shore power supply, for ships above 5,000 gross tonnage arriving at, departing from or berthed in EU ports. By limiting the greenhouse gas intensity of the energy used on board ships and encouraging the uptake of renewable and low-carbon fuels and alternative energy sources, it supports the EU in achieving climate neutrality by 2050 while maintaining the competitiveness of maritime transport and avoiding distortions of the internal market.

This Delegated Regulation establishes the accreditation procedures and requirements for verifiers under the Regulation on renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport (EU 2023/1805). It lays down rules on the accreditation of verifiers, the responsibilities of national accreditation bodies, supervision mechanisms, administrative measures and procedures for the exchange of information. Its core objective is to ensure that independent and competent third-party verifiers effectively monitor ships' fuel use, greenhouse gas emissions and compliance, building a transparent and non-discriminatory system for the verification of monitoring and reporting.

This Regulation aims to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and to ensure the free movement of personal data within the Union. It applies to the processing of personal data by automated or non-automated means, covering processing operations such as collection, recording, organisation, storage, transmission, disclosure and destruction, and requires controllers and processors to comply with core principles including transparency, lawfulness, data minimisation, accuracy and security.

This Directive aims to achieve a more balanced representation of women and men among the directors of listed companies by establishing effective measures to accelerate progress towards gender balance. It applies to all listed companies (companies whose shares are admitted to trading on one or more regulated markets in the EU) but does not apply to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Member States shall ensure that listed companies achieve one of the following objectives by 30 June 2026: members of the under-represented sex hold at least 40% of non-executive director positions, or members of the under-represented sex hold at least 33% of all director positions (executive and non-executive). It also requires listed companies to establish gender equality policies, to select directors through transparent and objective selection procedures, and to report annually on gender representation.

This Directive aims to ensure the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation. It contains provisions on equal pay, equal treatment in occupational social security schemes, equal treatment as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions. It also lays down appropriate procedures to make such implementation more effective, including remedies, rules on the burden of proof, the establishment of equality bodies, social dialogue mechanisms and penalties for infringements.

This Directive establishes a framework for combating discrimination based on sex in access to and supply of goods and services, with a view to putting into effect the principle of equal treatment between men and women. It covers all providers of goods and services available to the public and offered outside the area of private and family life, but does not apply to the content of media and advertising, education, or matters of employment and occupation. The Directive prohibits direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and sexual harassment, and requires insurance and related financial services to apply unisex premiums.

This Regulation aims to establish the European Food Safety Authority and lay down the general principles and requirements of food and feed safety, ensuring the protection of consumer health and the functioning of the internal market. It covers all stages of the production, processing and distribution of food and feed, and establishes a risk analysis system, traceability requirements, a rapid alert system and crisis management mechanisms, to ensure that only safe food and feed are placed on the market.

This Regulation aims to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market by preventing geo-blocking and other forms of discrimination based on customers' nationality, place of residence or place of establishment. This Regulation applies to cross-border transactions between traders and customers, covering the sale of goods and the provision of services, and further clarifies the situations referred to in Article 20 of Directive 2006/123/EC. It prohibits traders from blocking or limiting access to their online interfaces through technological measures or otherwise; prohibits redirecting customers to another online interface without their explicit consent; prohibits differential treatment based on customer characteristics in the sale of goods, the provision of electronically supplied services and the provision of other services; and prohibits differential treatment in payment transactions based on nationality, place of residence or place of establishment.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework for the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and of food and feed products produced from them. This Regulation applies to GMO products, GM food and GM feed at all stages of the placing on the EU market. Its main objectives are to facilitate accurate labelling, environmental monitoring, consumers' freedom of informed choice and the implementation of risk management measures. This Regulation amends Directive 2001/18/EC and supplements the requirements of Regulation 2002/178/EC. Operators shall establish written information transmission arrangements, record the unique identifiers and production origin of GMOs, and keep transaction records for five years. Product labels must clearly state that the product contains GMOs, but adventitious or technically unavoidable traces of GMOs may be exempted from the labelling and traceability requirements.

The GPAI Code of Practice was drawn up by independent experts with nearly 1,000 stakeholders; the Commission received and published the final version on 10 July 2025 as a voluntary tool for GPAI model providers to demonstrate compliance with AI Act Articles 53 and 55. It has three chapters: Transparency (including a Model Documentation Form) and Copyright, for all GPAI providers, and Safety and Security, only for models with systemic risk. On 1 August 2025 the Commission and the AI Board confirmed it is an adequate voluntary compliance tool.

Published by the Commission on 24 July 2025, the explanatory notice and template let GPAI model providers publish the 'summary of training content' required by AI Act Article 53(1)(d), setting a common minimum baseline and helping parties such as copyright holders exercise their rights. The template has three sections: general information, list of data sources and relevant data processing aspects, and applies to all GPAI models, including open-source and systemic-risk models. New models must publish it when placed on the EU market; models placed before 2 August 2025 must do so by 2 August 2027.

This Regulation aims to improve the functioning of the internal market and provide a high level of consumer protection by regulating the safety of consumer products. It lays down general product safety requirements and obligations for economic operators and providers of online marketplaces, sets up the Safety Gate rapid alert system and establishes market surveillance mechanisms to protect consumers from dangerous products.

This Regulation aims to supplement Regulation (EU) 2023/2631 by establishing the templates, content, methodologies and presentation of the post-issuance information voluntarily disclosed by issuers of environmentally sustainable bonds and sustainability-linked bonds. It provides issuers with common templates to help investors understand the allocation of bond proceeds, the achievement of environmental objectives, and the related risks and opportunities. This Regulation applies to bond issuers that choose to use the common templates for voluntary disclosure.

This Directive aims, by amending Directives 2005/29/EC and 2011/83/EU, to strengthen consumer empowerment for the green transition, prohibit misleading commercial practices (including greenwashing, false environmental claims and early obsolescence practices) and strengthen consumers' right to information. It covers the transparency of environmental claims, certification of sustainability labels, disclosure of information on product durability and reparability, obligations to inform about software updates, and design requirements for the harmonised label and notice, in order to help consumers make sustainable purchasing decisions.

This Directive establishes specific measures, as provided for in Article 17(1) and (2) of Directive 2000/60/EC, to prevent and control groundwater pollution. It covers criteria for assessing good groundwater chemical status, the identification of significant and sustained upward trends in pollutant concentrations and the definition of starting points for trend reversals. Its purpose is to protect groundwater against pollution and deterioration, safeguard the quality of sources of water intended for human consumption and of groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and prevent deterioration in the status of all bodies of groundwater.

This Directive aims to contribute to the preservation of biodiversity in the territory of the EU through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. It establishes a network of special areas of conservation (Natura 2000) to ensure that natural habitat types and wild species of Community interest are maintained at a favourable conservation status.

This Regulation aims to set CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles, ensuring that the specific CO2 emissions of the EU fleet of new heavy-duty vehicles are reduced, compared with the reference CO2 emissions, by 15% from the 2025 reporting period onwards and by 30% from the 2030 reporting period onwards (unless otherwise decided following the 2022 review). This Regulation applies to heavy-duty vehicles of categories N2 and N3 with the characteristics listed in Article 2, including rigid lorries and tractors. By setting emission targets, an excess emissions premium mechanism, incentives for zero- and low-emission vehicles and procedures for verifying monitoring data, it promotes the decarbonisation of the transport sector and contributes to the EU's 2030 greenhouse gas reduction commitments and the goals of the Paris Agreement.

This Regulation amends Article 7 of and Annex I to the Regulation setting CO2 emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles (Regulation (EU) 2019/1242), allowing manufacturers to accumulate more emission credits during the 2025 to 2029 reporting periods and to use them in subsequent years for compliance with the 2030 target, without changing the 2030 reduction target itself. The Commission's stated reason for the proposal is the delayed deployment of public recharging infrastructure for heavy-duty vehicles, particularly along motorways. This flexibility does not apply to urban buses.

This Regulation aims to establish an integrated EU sanctions framework targeting serious human rights violations and abuses. It provides for the freezing of funds and a prohibition on the use of economic resources with respect to natural and legal persons, entities and bodies that are responsible for, provide support to or are otherwise involved in human rights violations, covering serious violations such as genocide, crimes against humanity, torture, slavery, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances and arbitrary arrests or detentions. It applies within the territory of the Union and to natural and legal persons that are nationals of Member States.

This Regulation aims to integrate sustainability factors, risks and preferences into the product oversight and governance requirements for insurance undertakings and insurance distributors, and into the conduct of business rules and investment advice rules for insurance-based investment products. It amends Delegated Regulations (EU) 2017/2358 and (EU) 2017/2359 so that insurance undertakings and distributors take customers' sustainability-related objectives into account when designing, manufacturing and distributing insurance products, prevent greenwashing and mis-selling, and strengthen investor protection standards.

This Directive amends Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU and Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC to strengthen pollution control for large industrial installations and livestock rearing. It extends the scope to pig and poultry farms, extraction of minerals and battery manufacturing, strengthens the requirements for applying best available techniques (BAT), introduces environmental management systems, regulates the procedure for setting emission limit values, promotes the development of innovative techniques, and requires operators to prepare transformation plans for the 2030-2050 period, in order to achieve the 2050 climate neutrality objective and circular economy objectives.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework for internal market emergency and resilience, responding to the impact of crises on the internal market through a unified coordination mechanism, including safeguarding the free movement of goods, services and persons (including workers), ensuring an adequate supply of crisis-relevant goods and services, and preventing uncoordinated Member State measures that create cross-border restrictions. It lays down the conditions for activating the internal market vigilance mode and the internal market emergency mode, emergency response measures, public procurement rules and information exchange mechanisms, and establishes the Internal Market Emergency and Resilience Board to coordinate the response.

This Regulation establishes a system for preventing, minimising and mitigating invasive alien species in the EU. It covers alien species that have significant adverse impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and prevents their introduction and spread within the EU through measures such as establishing a Union list, carrying out border checks, conducting risk assessments, setting up surveillance systems, early detection and rapid eradication, and management of widely spread invasive species, in order to protect the environment, human health and economic interests.

This Directive amends Directive 2010/40/EU to strengthen the coordinated deployment and interoperability of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in the EU, covering four priority areas: (1) ITS information and mobility services; (2) ITS travel, transport and traffic management services; (3) ITS road safety and security services; (4) ITS cooperative, connected and automated mobility services. This Directive requires Member States to ensure the availability and accessibility of specified data types, provide information in a digital machine-readable format through national access points (NAPs), and deploy the necessary ITS applications and services, while incorporating core principles such as data protection, technological neutrality and cross-border interoperability.

This Directive establishes measures for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. It sets replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs principle) requirements for operators that breed, supply or use animals in scientific procedures; regulates the origin, housing, care and euthanasia methods of animals; establishes an authorisation system for operators, animal welfare oversight mechanisms and project evaluation procedures; sets out a severity classification of procedures; and requires Member States to carry out inspections to ensure that harm to animals is kept to the minimum necessary, while prohibiting procedures that cause long-lasting severe suffering.

This Implementing Regulation lays down rules for the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700, specifying the description of the eight-yearly variables in the labour force domain on work organisation and working-time arrangements and on accidents at work and work-related health problems. It establishes a uniform data collection framework to give the European Statistical System a complete picture of employment, working conditions and occupational safety and health.

This Directive aims to support the Union's transition to a circular economy and to implement the requirements of Directive 2008/98/EC, in particular Articles 4 and 12, by progressively reducing the landfilling of waste, especially waste suitable for recycling or other recovery, and, through stringent operational and technical requirements for waste and landfills, by providing for measures, procedures and guidance to prevent or reduce as far as possible the negative effects of landfilled waste on the environment (in particular pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil and air) and on the global environment (including the greenhouse effect), as well as any resulting risk to human health.

This Directive establishes uniform technical rules and standards for the landfill of waste in order to protect the environment and human health. It regulates the location, design, operation and closure of landfills, restricts the categories of waste that may be landfilled, sets requirements for the classes of landfill (for hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste and inert waste), and progressively reduces the landfilling of biodegradable waste. It applies to operators of all landfill sites in the EU and to the competent authorities.

This Directive aims to protect the fundamental rights of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data. It governs the processing of personal data by competent authorities in the EU for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and ensures the secure flow of personal data within the EU. It applies to the processing of personal data by automated or other means, but does not apply to EU institutions or to activities falling outside the scope of EU law.

This Decision aims to establish a single European waste classification list, integrating the list of wastes established by Decision 94/3/EC and the list of hazardous waste established by Decision 94/904/EC. It was adopted under the empowerments in Article 1(a) of Directive 75/442/EEC and Article 1(4) of Directive 91/689/EEC, and improves the transparency of waste management and simplifies existing rules through a uniform classification system. Wastes are fully identified by a six-digit code, and wastes marked with an asterisk (*) are classified as hazardous waste subject to Directive 91/689/EEC.

This Decision amends Decision 2000/532/EC to update the list of waste as regards battery-related waste. In view of the emergence of new battery chemistries such as lithium-based, sodium-based and nickel-based batteries, and of developments in battery manufacturing and recycling processes, this Decision provides for the waste classification codes to be updated to reflect the new or amended terminology introduced by Regulation (EU) 2023/1542. The amendment covers battery manufacturing waste, waste batteries and their sorted fractions, and aims to improve the identification and classification of waste streams, support the sorting, recycling and reporting of battery-related waste, and ensure that waste management is carried out without endangering human health or the environment.

This Regulation amends and extends Regulations (EU) 2018/841 and (EU) 2018/1999 to raise the greenhouse gas reduction ambition of the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. It establishes Member State commitments for the period 2021 to 2025, sets a Union net removal target of 310 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for the period 2026 to 2030 and sets binding net greenhouse gas removal targets for each Member State. It simplifies the accounting rules, introduces flexibility mechanisms, sets up a corrective action mechanism and strengthens monitoring and reporting requirements, in order to support the Union in achieving climate neutrality and fulfilling its commitments under the Paris Agreement.

This Regulation aims to lay down the structure, technical details and procedures for the submission of evidence on the long-term impacts of climate change and the legacy effects on organic soils. Pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/841, this Regulation provides that Member States may use drought indices or other scientifically recognised indicators to demonstrate excess emissions or reduced removals on managed land caused by climate change, and that Member States with an exceptionally high share of organic soils may submit evidence of the legacy effects of past management practices. Member States must submit verifiable information, including the geographically explicit identification of affected areas, a description of management efforts and an analysis of the differences in emissions and removals, in order to obtain compensation in the form of greenhouse gas reduction credits.

This Directive aims to harmonise the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of electrical equipment, ensuring that electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits meets the safety objectives and protects the health and safety of persons, domestic animals and property, while guaranteeing the functioning of the internal market. It applies to electrical equipment with a voltage rating of between 50 and 1,000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1,500 V for direct current, and covers the obligations of economic operators such as manufacturers, importers and distributors.

The EU Machinery Regulation replaces Directive 2006/42/EC and Council Directive 73/361/EEC and applies directly in all Member States, setting requirements for the design, manufacture and placing on the market of machinery, related products (interchangeable equipment, safety components, lifting accessories, chains, ropes and webbing, removable mechanical transmission devices) and partly completed machinery. Published in OJ L 165 on 2023-06-29, it entered into force on 2023-07-19 and applies from 2027-01-20, with some provisions applying earlier. Key features include third-party conformity assessment for Annex I high-risk machinery, digital instructions, treating persons making substantial modifications as manufacturers, and requirements for safety functions with self-evolving behaviour. It was amended by Regulation (EU) 2024/2748 (Single Market emergency procedures) and Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).

This Regulation aims to amend the EU Regulation on the monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions from ships (EU 2015/757) in order to include maritime transport activities in the EU Emissions Trading System, extend monitoring to methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and extend the scope to smaller general cargo ships and offshore ships of 400 gross tonnage and above, in order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and support the EU's commitment to cut emissions by 55% by 2030.

This Regulation strengthens market surveillance and compliance of products on the EU internal market. It covers manufactured products subject to the listed Union harmonisation legislation (excluding food, feed, medicinal products, etc.), to ensure that only products meeting safety and public interest requirements enter the market. It establishes obligations for economic operators, the powers of market surveillance authorities and cross-border cooperation mechanisms, and governs controls on products entering the Union market.

This Decision establishes a common framework for the marketing of products, setting out the conditions for placing products on the EU market. Through uniform general principles, conformity assessment procedures, rules on CE marking and market surveillance mechanisms, it safeguards public interests (health and safety, consumer protection, environmental protection) and maintains fair competition. This Decision repeals and replaces Decision 93/465/EEC and serves as a reference template for existing and future EU product harmonisation legislation.

This Regulation establishes a uniform EU regulatory framework for medical devices. It governs the placing on the market, making available on the market and use of medical devices in the internal market, ensuring a high level of protection of health and safety. It covers device design, manufacture, clinical evaluation, conformity assessment, market surveillance, vigilance and traceability. It applies to all medical devices (other than in vitro diagnostic medical devices), including active implantable devices, accessories and related systems. It establishes the European database on medical devices (Eudamed) to improve transparency and the efficiency of information flows.

This Regulation aims to lay down measures and conditions concerning the trade in, manufacture and use of mercury and mercury compounds in the EU. By prohibiting the export and import of mercury and mercury-added products, restricting the use of mercury in manufacturing processes, regulating artisanal and small-scale gold mining, controlling dental amalgam and establishing obligations for the proper management of mercury waste, it ensures a high level of protection of human health and the environment, in line with the 2013 Minamata Convention on Mercury.

This Regulation aims to establish the EU system for the control of concentrations, under which concentrations between undertakings with an EU dimension are reviewed and controlled. This Regulation governs prior notification, assessment of compatibility with competition, clearance decisions, suspension of implementation, monitoring and penalties for concentrations that meet specified turnover thresholds. It establishes a one-stop-shop review mechanism under which the European Commission has exclusive jurisdiction, precluding Member States from applying their own national competition law, in order to maintain effective competition in the internal market.

This Regulation supplements Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on markets in crypto-assets by laying down regulatory technical standards that specify the content, methodologies and presentation of the climate and other environment-related sustainability indicators to be disclosed in crypto-asset white papers and on the websites of crypto-asset service providers. It applies to all crypto-asset transactions validated through a consensus mechanism, with particular attention to the adverse impacts of consensus mechanisms on the climate and the environment, so that investors receive accurate, fair, concise and comparable information, thereby encouraging the adoption of climate-friendly consensus mechanisms and preventing greenwashing.

This Regulation aims to prevent plastic pellet losses in order to reduce microplastic pollution. It covers all stages of the plastic pellet supply chain, including production, masterbatching, compounding, conversion, processing, distribution, transport, storage, packaging and cleaning operations. It applies to economic operators handling 5 tonnes or more of plastic pellets per year, operators carrying out cleaning operations, EU and non-EU carriers, and shippers, ship operators and masters involved in the maritime transport of containers. It requires risk management plans, implementation of equipment and procedures, staff training, regular internal assessments and certification, with reporting to the competent authorities by notification, self-declaration or certificate. The core objective is zero plastic pellet losses.

This Directive aims to establish a harmonised regulatory framework for EU markets in financial instruments, covering the conditions for the authorisation and operation of investment firms, regulated markets and data reporting services providers, as well as the requirements for branches of third-country firms in the EU. It strengthens investor protection, market integrity and trading transparency, brings OTC derivatives and exchange-traded derivatives under integrated supervision, and lays down detailed rules on emerging trading technologies and risks such as algorithmic trading, high-frequency trading and position limits on commodity derivatives.

This Directive aims to integrate sustainability factors into the product governance obligations for financial instruments. This Directive amends Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593, requiring investment firms that manufacture and distribute financial instruments to take sustainability factors into account in their product approval process and product governance arrangements. Investment firms shall specify the target market in sufficient detail for clients seeking products with sustainability-related features. Sustainability factors shall be presented in a transparent manner so that distributors can provide relevant information to clients. This Directive covers identification of the target market, assessment of product compatibility, ongoing review and governance arrangements.

This Regulation amends Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565 to integrate sustainability factors, sustainability risks and clients' sustainability preferences into certain organisational requirements and operating conditions for investment firms. It requires investment firms to take sustainability risks into account as part of their risk management policies, and requires providers of investment advice and portfolio management services to consider clients' sustainability preferences when recommending financial instruments, in order to prevent greenwashing and maintain a high level of investor protection.

This Regulation aims to establish uniform requirements for EU financial instrument markets on transparency, transaction reporting obligations, rules on trading venues for derivatives, non-discriminatory access to clearing and to trading venues, product intervention powers and position management measures, and rules on the provision of investment services by third-country firms. Its scope covers pre-trade and post-trade transparency for shares and similar financial instruments, transparency for bonds and derivatives, trade reporting by systematic internalisers, the trading obligation for derivatives, non-discriminatory access to central counterparties, benchmark licensing obligations, and the supervisory framework for cross-border providers of investment services.

This Directive regulates the management of waste from extractive industries by laying down preventive measures, permit procedures, waste characterisation, and requirements for facility operation and monitoring, in order to prevent or reduce as far as possible the adverse effects on the environment and human health of managing waste from extractive industries. It applies to onshore extractive industries (including mining, quarrying and extraction), but does not apply to offshore operations or certain specific waste streams.

This Directive aims to protect traders against misleading advertising and to lay down the conditions under which comparative advertising is permitted. This Directive sets out the definitions of, and the criteria for determining, misleading advertising and unlawful comparative advertising in the EU, as well as the enforcement measures to be taken by Member States, to ensure the smooth functioning of the internal market and the protection of the interests of consumers and traders.

This Directive aims to establish minimum rules across EU Member States on the definition of criminal offences and sanctions in the area of money laundering. It combats money laundering by means of criminal law, complementing and reinforcing the application of Directive 2015/849, in order to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing and organised crime from damaging the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector, and to promote cross-border cooperation and consistent enforcement among Member States.

This Regulation aims to establish a system for the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport. It applies to ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above arriving at or departing from ports of EU Member States, or carrying out voyages within ports. Companies shall monitor and report CO2 emissions and other relevant information on a per calendar year basis, using one of four monitoring methods. After confirmation by an accredited verifier, companies must submit an annual emissions report to the European Commission and the flag State authorities. The system serves as the first step in a staged commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport, with the ultimate aim of promoting CO2 emission reductions in the maritime transport sector in a cost-effective manner.

This Directive aims to establish a framework for EU marine environmental protection policy, requiring Member States to take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in their marine waters by 2020. Through the development of marine strategies, including an initial assessment, determination of good environmental status, establishment of environmental targets, establishment of monitoring programmes and implementation of programmes of measures, it seeks to protect and preserve the marine environment, prevent its deterioration and, where practicable, restore marine ecosystems that have been adversely affected. Its scope covers four marine regions: the Baltic Sea, the North-east Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

This Regulation establishes a legal framework for ecosystem restoration in order to ensure that at least 20% of land and sea areas are restored by 2030 and that all ecosystems in need of restoration are restored by 2050, thereby achieving the Union's objectives of biodiversity recovery, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and land degradation neutrality. It requires Member States to put in place effective area-based restoration measures and sets specific restoration targets and deadlines for protected habitat types, agricultural ecosystems, forest ecosystems, urban ecosystems, the natural connectivity of rivers and pollinators.

This Directive establishes a mechanism for Member States' commitments to reduce anthropogenic emissions of five main atmospheric pollutants, namely sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds, ammonia and fine particulate matter, in order to achieve the long-term objectives of improving air quality and protecting human health and the environment. Member States shall draw up, adopt and implement national air pollution control programmes, prepare emission inventories and projections, and monitor and report pollutant emissions and their environmental impacts, so as to meet the emission reduction commitments for 2020 to 2029 and for 2030 onwards.

This Directive amends Directive 2013/34/EU to require certain large undertakings and groups to disclose non-financial information and diversity policies in their management report. Non-financial information should cover environmental, social and employee matters, respect for human rights, and anti-corruption and bribery matters, including the undertaking's business model, relevant policies, the outcomes of those policies, principal risks and non-financial key performance indicators. Large listed public-interest entities with an average of more than 500 employees shall prepare a consolidated non-financial statement.

This Directive aims to achieve a high common level of security of network and information systems within the Union by establishing a common supervisory framework, mandatory risk management measures, incident reporting obligations and supervision and enforcement mechanisms, in order to protect the network systems of critical infrastructure and providers of essential services. It applies to enterprises and public administration entities identified as essential entities and important entities, covering 11 sectors of high criticality, including energy, transport, banking, financial market infrastructure, health, drinking water, waste water, digital infrastructure, ICT service management and public administration, as well as secondary sectors including postal and courier services, waste management, chemicals, food, manufacturing, digital providers and research.

This Directive aims to protect waters against pollution by controlling and reducing nitrate pollution from agricultural sources, and to prevent further pollution. Member States shall identify waters affected or likely to be affected by pollution, and establish and implement action programmes in areas vulnerable to pollution (vulnerable zones), including codes of good agricultural practice, limits on fertiliser application, requirements for livestock manure storage facilities and water quality monitoring measures. This Directive covers surface water, groundwater, freshwater and coastal waters, and requires Member States to submit periodic reports to the Commission so that the effectiveness of implementation can be assessed.

This Regulation aims to establish safety assessment and authorisation procedures for novel foods in the Union, ensuring the safety of novel foods while ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market. It applies to all novel foods placed on the Union market, including those imported from third countries. Novel foods may be placed on the market only after inclusion in the Union list, and must meet requirements on nutritional value, composition and labelling. This Regulation provides a special procedure to facilitate the placing on the market of traditional foods from third countries with a history of traditional food use, and establishes a data protection mechanism to encourage innovation in the industry.

This Regulation lays down harmonised rules on gaseous and particulate pollutant emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery. It applies to internal combustion engines installed or intended to be installed in non-road mobile machinery, including hand-held, constant-speed and variable-speed engines. Emission limits are implemented in stages (Stage V), and the Regulation covers the full chain of requirements, including design, manufacture, testing, market surveillance and verification of conformity. It also repeals Directive 97/68/EC of 1997, unifying the EU legal framework to improve air quality.

This Regulation aims to harmonise the provisions of the Member States on nutrition and health claims made on foods, in order to ensure the effective functioning of the internal market and provide a high level of consumer protection. This Regulation applies to all nutrition and health claims made in commercial communications, including food labelling, presentation and advertising, and lays down general principles and specific conditions for nutrition and health claims. It covers the establishment of nutrient profiles, the scientific substantiation of claims, the authorisation procedure for health claims and the establishment of a single EU register.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework of measures for the EU's net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem. By simplifying permit-granting procedures, supporting the scale-up of manufacturing capacity, promoting supply chain diversification and improving skills and innovation, it seeks to ensure a secure and sustainable supply of net-zero technologies for the EU and to achieve the 2030 and 2050 climate neutrality targets. It covers manufacturing projects for core net-zero technologies such as renewable energy, batteries, hydrogen and carbon capture and storage, and also addresses cross-border infrastructure, public procurement criteria and skills development mechanisms.

This Regulation amends Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 to specify the scope of the sub-categories of net-zero technologies and the list of specific components primarily used for the production of those technologies. The amendment is based on the Commission's methodological analysis of net-zero technology supply chains and covers technology areas including solar, wind, battery storage, heat pumps, geothermal, hydrogen, bioenergy, carbon capture, electricity grids, transport, nuclear fission, other renewable energy, industrial decarbonisation technologies, and CO2 transport and utilisation. The amendment adds a "final product" column to improve the readability and understanding of the Annex. This Regulation is directly applicable in all Member States.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) 2015/757 to include rules for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from offshore ships, and to harmonise the zero-rating provisions for renewable fuels, recycled carbon fuels and synthetic low-carbon fuels. It specifies 31 types of offshore ship to be covered, including anchor handling tugs, offshore supply ships, drilling ships and floating storage and offloading platforms, and the monitoring scope covers emissions on voyages from the last port of call to a port under the jurisdiction of a Member State, and from a port under the jurisdiction of a Member State to the next port of call. It also sets out how emission factors for zero-rated fuels are determined, to ensure consistency across the sectors of the EU Emissions Trading System.

This Directive aims to strengthen the enforcement and modernisation of EU consumer protection rules. By amending Directives 93/13/EEC, 98/6/EC, 2005/29/EC and 2011/83/EU, it establishes a more effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalty regime, introducing a maximum fine of at least 4% of turnover; regulates the transparency of online search rankings, information disclosure on online marketplaces, verification of the authenticity of consumer reviews and the prohibition of fraudulent ticket resale; extends protection to contracts for digital services and contracts involving the provision of personal data; strengthens remedies for unfair commercial practices; and modernises the rules on advertising disclosures, price indications and dual-quality goods.

This Directive is one of the core legislative acts of the EU 'simplification and competitiveness' agenda. It aims to substantially reduce the administrative burden of corporate sustainability reporting (CSRD) and corporate sustainability due diligence (CSDDD), while maintaining the policy objectives of the European Green Deal. The main changes include: Substantially narrowing the scope of mandatory CSRD reporting (limited to companies with net turnover exceeding EUR 450 million and more than 1,000 employees) Introducing a 'protected undertaking' mechanism for small and medium-sized companies in the supply chain, limiting the scope of information that reporting companies may request Amending the CSDDD to raise the applicability thresholds (5,000 or more employees and worldwide net turnover exceeding EUR 1.5 billion) Postponing the CSDDD application date to 26 July 2029 Removing the mandatory CSDDD climate transition plan obligation and the harmonised Union-level civil liability regime Introducing voluntary sustainability reporting standards (Voluntary Standards)

This Regulation governs the production, import, export, placing on the market, storage and subsequent supply of ozone-depleting substances, as well as their use, recovery, recycling, reclamation and destruction, and governs the import, export, placing on the market and use of products and equipment containing, or whose functioning relies upon, such substances. This Regulation ensures that the EU complies with its obligations under the 1987 Montreal Protocol, in order to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, safeguard human health and ecosystems, and mitigate global warming.

This Directive amends Directive 94/62/EC to strengthen the EU system for managing packaging and packaging waste. Its core objectives are to drive the transition to a circular economy, increase packaging waste recycling rates, strengthen the promotion of reusable packaging and set material-specific recycling targets (including plastic, wood, ferrous metals, aluminium, glass, and paper and cardboard), while also laying down specific measures on extended producer responsibility schemes, controls on waste exports and reporting of quality data.

This Directive aims to harmonise Member States' measures on the management of packaging and packaging waste in order to prevent or reduce their impact on the environment and provide a high level of environmental protection, while ensuring the functioning of the internal market. Its first priority is the prevention of packaging waste, followed by reuse of packaging, recycling and other forms of recovery, thereby reducing final disposal. This Directive covers all packaging placed on the EU market and all packaging waste, whether used or released at industrial, commercial, office, shop, service, household or any other level.

This Directive aims to strengthen the application of the EU principle of equal pay, in particular as regards pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms for men and women performing the same work or work of equal value. By establishing pay transparency obligations, clarifying the definitions of the equal pay concepts and strengthening remedies and enforcement tools, it seeks to eliminate the gender pay gap and ensure equal treatment for all workers. This Directive applies to employers in the public and private sectors and to all workers with an employment relationship, including job applicants.

This Directive aims to approximate the laws of the Member States on the controlled disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT), the decontamination or disposal of equipment containing PCBs and the disposal of used PCBs, with a view to their complete elimination. It requires Member States to compile inventories of equipment containing PCBs and holders of such equipment to report for the inventories, prohibits the separation and reuse of PCBs, requires undertakings to obtain permits, lays down conditions for the labelling and decontamination of equipment, and sets 31 December 2010 as the final deadline for the disposal of inventoried equipment.

This Decision recognises the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) voluntary scheme as an effective tool for demonstrating that biomass fuels comply with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria laid down in Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The scheme covers forest biomass fuels and biomass fuels from waste and residues of forest-based industries, has global geographical coverage and covers the entire forest supply chain. Following the European Commission's assessment, the scheme fully meets the sustainability criteria of Article 29(6) and (7) and the greenhouse gas emissions saving requirements of Article 29(10), applies a mass balance methodology compliant with Article 30(1) and (2), and complies with Implementing Regulations 2022/996 and 2022/2448.

This Directive aims to establish a Community framework to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides by reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment, and by promoting the development and use of integrated pest management and alternative approaches. This Directive applies to plant protection products and governs the training and certification of professional users, distributors and advisors, pesticide sales, information disclosure, inspection of pesticide application equipment, control of aerial spraying, protection of the aquatic environment, risk reduction in specific areas, and the handling of pesticides.

This Regulation aims to amend the provisions of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds. Its main purpose is to extend until 3 December 2025 the exemption for firefighting foam for liquid fuel vapour suppression and liquid fuel fires (Class B fires) in systems already installed, and to set specific unintentional trace contaminant (UTC) limit values. For firefighting foam and concentrates in already installed systems, the UTC limit for PFOA or its salts is set at 1 mg/kg and the UTC limit for PFOA-related compounds at 10 mg/kg, valid until 3 August 2028; for fluorine-free firefighting foam installed after cleaning, the UTC limit for the sum of PFOA and its related compounds is 10 mg/kg. It also clarifies the definition of firefighting foam and allows products already in use before the end of the exemption period to continue to be used.

This Regulation aims to amend the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and its derivatives. Its main objectives are to adjust the unintentional trace contaminant (UTC) limit values for PFOS so that they are consistent with those for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its related compounds; to amend the substance definition of PFOS to cover its salts and PFOS-related compounds; to delete the exemption for PFOS as a mist suppressant for non-decorative hard chromium (VI) plating (which has been replaced by alternatives); and to delete the technical note on analytical methods. The amendment implements commitments on the control of persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention and the Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

This Regulation implements the Rotterdam Convention (Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure), regulating the export and import of hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from harm. It regulates notification procedures for the export and import of chemicals (including pesticides and industrial chemicals), controls on banned or severely restricted chemicals and the labelling and packaging of chemicals, and establishes coordination mechanisms between the Union and the Member States as well as procedures for exchanging information with third countries.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EU) No 649/2012, further regulating controls on the export and import of hazardous chemicals and pesticides. It mainly adds fifty-three banned pesticides and industrial chemicals to the lists of chemicals in Parts 1 and 2 of Annex I and, in line with the latest decisions under the Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions, adds terbufos to Part 3, revises the entry for polychlorinated biphenyls, and adds perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and related compounds to Part A of Annex V. The banned substances include a number of pesticide active substances such as benfluralin, benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, metiram, S-metolachlor and triflusulfuron-methyl, as well as industrial chemicals such as dihexyl phthalate and substances whose approval has been withdrawn. It regulates the export and import procedures for these substances in order to protect human health and the environment.

This Directive amends EU Directive 94/62/EC of 1994 in order to regulate and reduce the consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags. Its main purpose is to prevent the environmental pollution and threats to marine ecosystems caused by the misuse of plastic bags. It requires Member States to take measures to achieve a sustained reduction in the consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags and defines the terms 'plastic', 'plastic carrier bags', 'lightweight plastic carrier bags' and 'biodegradable carrier bags'. Member States may achieve this objective through national reduction targets, economic instruments (such as pricing, taxes and levies) or marketing restrictions.

This Directive aims to lay down rules on the no-fault liability of economic operators for damage caused by defective products and on compensation for natural persons who suffer damage. It applies to all movables placed on the market or put into service after 9 December 2026, including software, digital manufacturing files and related services, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and a high level of protection for consumers and other natural persons. It repeals and replaces Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 1985, to address the legal uncertainty arising from new developments such as artificial intelligence, circular economy business models and emerging global supply chains.

This Directive aims to harmonise the laws of the EU Member States on liability for defective products by establishing a no-fault liability regime for manufacturers, in order to protect consumers against damage to health and property caused by defective products. This Directive covers industrially manufactured movables (excluding primary agricultural products and game), requires manufacturers, importers and persons presenting themselves as producers to be jointly and severally liable for damage caused by defective products, and sets liability periods, the scope of compensable damage and exemptions from liability.

This Directive aims to amend Council Directive 85/374/EEC so as to bring primary agricultural products within the scope of the Product Liability Directive. It extends the civil liability regime for defective products, making producers of agricultural products liable without fault for damage caused by their products, in order to strengthen consumer confidence in the safety of agricultural products, promote uniform product liability rules in the internal market and achieve a high level of consumer protection.

This Regulation aims to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by prohibiting, phasing out or restricting the manufacture, placing on the market and use of substances with POP properties, and by laying down provisions on waste management, in line with the Union's international obligations under the Stockholm Convention and the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (POPs Protocol). This Regulation covers prohibited substances (Annex I), restricted substances (Annex II), substances subject to release reduction (Annex III) and waste management (Annex IV).

Delegated regulation adopted under Article 11(4) of the Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (C(2026) 5031) that replaces Article 11(2) and widens the list of products whose portable batteries may be designed to be removable and replaceable only by independent professionals: washable appliances, including wearables, designed to operate mainly in environments with regular water splashes, streams or immersion; professional medical imaging and radiotherapy devices and in vitro diagnostic devices; wearables where end-user access would compromise safety, durability or water resistance owing to size or sealed enclosure; electric toys with rechargeable batteries (until 2030-07-31); wireless food thermometer probes; equipment within the scope of Directive 2014/34/EU; on-body delivery systems for subcutaneous medicinal products; and roof-mounted telematics devices on agricultural and construction machinery. Except for medical devices, each derogation applies only where needed to ensure the safety of the user and the appliance. Published in the OJ on 2026-10-22, in force from 2026-11-11; Article 11 applies from 2027-02-18.

This Directive aims to amend Directive 96/71/EC on the posting of workers, in order to protect the rights of posted workers and to strike a balance between the freedom to provide services and the protection of workers. It mainly strengthens the protection of the terms and conditions of employment of posted workers, including remuneration, working time, rest periods, paid annual leave, health and safety, accommodation conditions and reimbursement of travel expenses, and sets higher protection standards where a posting lasts longer than 12 or 18 months. It also strengthens measures to combat fraud and abuse relating to posted workers, including enhanced coordination and information exchange between the competent authorities of the Member States.

This Regulation aims to harmonise Member States' health and safety requirements for the design and manufacture of personal protective equipment (PPE), remove barriers to trade and establish the free movement of PPE on the Union market. It applies to PPE newly placed on the Union market, including new PPE made by manufacturers established in the Union and PPE (whether new or second-hand) imported from third countries. This Regulation follows New Approach principles, setting essential health and safety requirements for PPE, while detailed technical specifications are drawn up by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (Cenelec); conformity with harmonised standards gives a presumption of conformity with this Regulation. It also repeals Directive 89/686/EEC.

This Regulation aims to establish a harmonised EU regulatory framework for packaging and packaging waste, covering sustainability requirements across the entire packaging life cycle, including restrictions on substances, design for recycling, minimum percentages of recycled content, reuse systems, waste prevention and separate collection, in order to promote the circular economy, reduce environmental pollution and ensure the smooth functioning of the internal market. This Regulation repeals Directive 94/62/EC and applies to all packaging and packaging waste placed on the Union market, regardless of the material.

Delegated decision adopted under Article 5(8) of Regulation (EU) 2025/40 (PPWR) (C(2026) 5778), amending Decision 2001/171/EC to create a time-limited, conditional derogation for crystal glass packaging. Article 5(4) PPWR caps the combined lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium content of packaging at 100 mg/kg and does not carry over the former lead crystal exemption; this decision lets crystal glass packaging meeting the conditions exceed that limit until 2029-12-31. Packaging containing intentionally introduced or residual lead may only be manufactured until 2028-12-31; packaging made before then may undergo finishing operations such as cold glass working and be placed on the market until 2029-12-31. Published in the OJ on 2026-10-28; in force from 2026-10-29.

Commission Notice C(2026) 3702, adopted on 2026-06-05 and published in the Official Journal C series on 2026-06-10 (C/2026/3084), provides interpretative guidance on Regulation (EU) 2025/40 on packaging and packaging waste (PPWR); a draft was released on 2026-03-30. It covers the definitions of packaging, manufacturer, producer, importer and 'branch', PFAS restrictions in food contact packaging and exhaustion of stocks, the date of application of recyclability requirements, exemptions from recycled content targets, packaging minimisation, the scope of harmonised labelling, the relationship with the Single-Use Plastics Directive, beverage re-use targets in the HORECA sector and deposit and return systems. The guidance does not replace or amend the PPWR; binding interpretation rests with the Court of Justice. The Commission also publishes a PPWR FAQ (updated August 2026) and an SME guide, 'Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) and small businesses'.

This Delegated Decision is the first delegated act under the PPWR (Regulation (EU) 2025/40). Based on the Commission's feasibility assessment of 15 December 2025 (which found that reuse systems for plastic wrapping film and straps are not yet available at scale or economically feasible), it exempts certain economic operators that use pallet wrapping and straps from the 100% reuse obligations of Article 29(2) and (3). The exemption covers transport within the same undertaking or group within the EU, and transport between undertakings within the same Member State. These packaging formats remain subject to the other PPWR obligations (design for recycling, recycled content, labelling, EPR, etc.).

This Directive introduces measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding. As the tenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC, it establishes specific protective measures for pregnant workers, workers who have recently given birth and breastfeeding workers, including risk assessment, adjustment of working conditions, prohibition of night work, maternity leave entitlement and prohibition of dismissal, and provides for the maintenance of pay and allowances, in order to safeguard the health and safety of these workers.

This Regulation aims to lay down requirements for the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market. This Regulation establishes a uniform disclosure framework to protect investors and ensure the functioning of the internal market, and replaces Directive 2003/71/EC. It covers the drawing up, approval, publication and content of the prospectus, including the summary, risk factors and financial information. It also sets differentiated rules for different types of securities, sizes of issuer and specific situations (such as SME growth markets).

This Directive aims to lay down a framework for combating discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin, with a view to putting into effect the principle of equal treatment in the Member States. It applies to all persons, in both the public and private sectors, in areas including employment, vocational training, social protection, healthcare, social advantages, education, and access to and supply of goods and services. It prohibits direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and instructions to discriminate on grounds of racial or ethnic origin. Member States shall establish independent bodies for the promotion of equal treatment, provide judicial remedies for victims and adopt effective and dissuasive sanctions.

This Directive lays down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, in order to protect the health of workers, members of the public and patients. Its scope covers planned, existing and emergency exposure situations, including the manufacture, production, processing, handling, disposal, use, storage, transport, import and export of radioactive material and the operation of electrical equipment emitting ionising radiation. It also covers the control of natural radiation sources, protection against indoor radon exposure, reference levels for gamma radiation emitted from building materials, and the control of high-activity sealed sources. This Directive repeals and replaces Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom.

This Regulation aims to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment, while enhancing the free circulation of substances and the proper functioning of the internal market. It lays down harmonised rules for the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of substances, and establishes the European Chemicals Agency to manage the related technical, scientific and administrative aspects. Its scope covers chemical substances and their preparations manufactured, imported or placed on the market in the EU, as well as articles containing such substances. This Regulation is underpinned by the precautionary principle and provides that manufacturers, importers and downstream users are responsible for ensuring that the substances they manufacture, import or use do not adversely affect human health or the environment.

This Regulation aims to amend the Appendices to Annex XVII to the EU Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) in order to update the classification of carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances (CMR substances). This Regulation amends the content of entries 28 to 30 to align them with the latest classification list in Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, includes formaldehyde as a Category 1B carcinogen, and adds more than ten substances to the relevant Appendices, to ensure that the restrictions on chemicals keep pace with the latest scientific developments.

This Regulation aims to amend Annex XVII to the EU chemicals regulation (REACH) in order to restrict the use of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) in textiles. It prohibits the placing on the market of textiles containing NPE at a concentration of 0.01% or more, where such textiles can be washed in water during their normal life cycle. The restriction aims to protect the aquatic environment and aquatic organisms from the hazards of NPE degradation products, and requires businesses to complete the transition and achieve compliance by 3 February 2021.

This Regulation aims to lay down rules on data sharing and the joint submission of data required when registering chemical substances under the EU REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006). It sets out the specific obligations and responsibilities of the parties to data-sharing agreements, including transparent itemisation of costs, a fair and reasonable cost-sharing mechanism and the obligation to keep annual cost documentation, so that the data-sharing system can operate effectively, with particular protection for the interests of SMEs.

This Regulation establishes the structure and amounts of the fees and charges levied by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006), and the rules for their payment. It sets the fees for registration, updates, applications for authorisation, appeals and other chemical-related services, and provides for fee reductions for SMEs, to ensure that the Agency has sufficient funding to carry out its work on the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EC) No 340/2008 in order to adjust the fees and charges levied by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006). Its main elements are: adjusting standard fees in line with the average inflation rate for 2021 to 2023 (19.5% cumulative), with SMEs exempted from this adjustment; reforming the SME status verification procedure, changing from ex post to ex ante verification and introducing an administrative charge; setting the validity of SME status determinations at three years; adjusting the structure of appeal fees; and updating the fee tables (Annexes I to VIII) to reflect the new fee levels. The amendment is one of a series of measures to improve the financial sustainability of ECHA.

This Regulation establishes common test methods for testing substances under the REACH Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006). It incorporates the test methods previously listed in Annex V to Directive 67/548/EEC, covering test methods for physico-chemical properties, toxicity and ecotoxicity. This Regulation applies to the EU system for the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals, ensuring the consistency of information on the intrinsic properties of substances.

This Directive establishes a regulatory framework for making radio equipment available on the market and putting it into service in the Union, ensuring that radio equipment meets the essential requirements for health and safety, electromagnetic compatibility and the efficient use of radio spectrum, while ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market. This Directive replaces Directive 1999/5/EC and extends the scope to all electrical or electronic products that intentionally emit or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication or radiodetermination.

This Regulation aims to supplement Directive 2014/53/EU by laying down essential requirements for radio equipment concerning network protection, the protection of personal data and privacy, and protection from fraud. This Regulation applies to radio equipment capable of communicating over the internet, radio equipment intended for childcare, radio equipment that is also a toy and wearable radio equipment, to ensure that such equipment has appropriate cybersecurity protection when made available on the EU market.

This Directive aims to establish a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources and sets a binding target of at least 32% for the share of renewable energy in the EU's energy mix in 2030. It lays down rules on financial support for electricity from renewable sources, self-consumption, the use of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector and in the transport sector, regional cooperation mechanisms between Member States and with third countries, guarantees of origin, administrative procedures, and information and training requirements, and establishes sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels.

This Directive aims to promote the use of renewable energy in the EU, amending Directive 2018/2001, Regulation 2018/1999 and Directive 98/70/EC, in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55% by 2030. Its main elements include raising the overall renewable energy target to 42.5% (with efforts to reach 45%), establishing renewables acceleration areas, streamlining administrative permit-granting procedures, strengthening the sustainability criteria for bioenergy, promoting the integration of electric vehicles and energy storage, strengthening cross-border cooperation mechanisms and extending the use of renewable fuels of non-biological origin.

This Decision recognises the REDcert-EU voluntary scheme as a means of demonstrating that biofuels, bioliquids, biomass fuels, renewable fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels comply with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria of the Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The scheme covers sustainability and greenhouse gas emission criteria for biomass fuels, production rules for renewable fuels of non-biological origin, accurate greenhouse gas emission data and the obligation for economic operators to enter information into the Union database. This Decision repeals and replaces Decision (EU) 2022/605 and is valid from 21 December 2024 to 21 December 2029.

This Regulation establishes a uniform EU framework for the supply and use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), in order to maintain a level playing field in the air transport market while promoting the progressive uptake of SAF to achieve the EU's 2030 and 2050 climate targets. Its scope covers EU airports with annual passenger traffic above 800,000 or annual freight traffic above 100,000 tonnes, aircraft operators performing 500 or more commercial flights per year, and fuel suppliers supplying aviation fuel at EU airports.

This Regulation aims to govern the pre-qualification and award criteria in renewable energy auctions. It applies to auctions for the deployment of renewable energy technologies under Article 26 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735, covering technologies such as solar, wind, heat pumps, geothermal, hydrogen, biogas and sustainable alternative fuels. It sets out the mandatory pre-qualification criteria that operators must meet (responsible business conduct, cybersecurity and data security, and ability to deliver the project) and the voluntary award criteria (supply chain resilience, contribution to environmental sustainability, innovation and energy system integration), and requires Member States to establish transparent, objective and non-discriminatory assessment methods and monitoring mechanisms, so that the bidding process is fair and the auction objectives can be achieved.

This Directive establishes common EU rules promoting the repair of goods purchased by consumers, in order to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market while providing a high level of consumer and environmental protection. It applies to the repair of goods where a defect occurs or becomes apparent outside the seller's liability. It requires operators to provide a European Repair Information Form, requires manufacturers to fulfil repair obligations, establishes a European online platform for repair and extends the seller's liability period, among other measures, to encourage the circular economy and reduce the premature disposal of viable goods.

This Directive amends Directive 2005/44/EC, establishing a harmonised framework for river information services (RIS) on EU inland waterways to support the safety, efficiency and sustainability of inland waterway transport and to facilitate connections with other modes of transport. The amendment focuses on inland waterways and inland ports within the scope of the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) and establishes the European RIS environment as the main platform for information exchange, covering technical specifications for electronic navigational charts, electronic ship reporting, notices to skippers, vessel tracking and fairway monitoring, while strengthening personal data protection and cybersecurity measures.

This Decision recognises, pursuant to Article 8(3) of Regulation (EU) 2017/821, the supply chain due diligence scheme 'Responsible Minerals Assurance Process' owned by the Responsible Minerals Initiative, establishing its equivalence with that Regulation. The scheme applies to smelter and refiner operators among Union importers of minerals, enabling them to meet their supply chain due diligence obligations through effective implementation of the scheme, in particular the requirements for transparency and certainty concerning tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold minerals originating from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.

This Delegated Directive aims to amend Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU by extending the list of restricted substances to include restrictions on the use of four substances of very high concern (DEHP, BBP, DBP and DIBP), in order to protect human health and the environment and to ensure the environmentally sound recovery and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment. This amending Directive sets maximum concentration values for restricted substances in electrical and electronic equipment and provides transitional periods for medical devices and monitoring and control instruments.

This Directive aims to lay down rules restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in order to protect human health and the environment, including the environmentally sound recovery and disposal of waste EEE. It applies to EEE in categories 1 to 11 and sets out the obligations of manufacturers, authorised representatives, importers and distributors to ensure that equipment on the market complies with the maximum concentration values for restricted substances.

This Directive aims to amend the 2011 Directive on the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, in order to promote the circular economy and make it easier for secondary market operators to carry out repair, replacement of spare parts, refurbishment and reuse. The amendments include excluding certain product categories (such as pipe organs and certain non-road mobile machinery) from the scope of the Directive, clarifying the conditions for the exemption of reused spare parts, adjusting the validity periods of exemptions and simplifying the procedure for applying for the renewal of exemptions. The amended provisions cover medical devices, diagnostic devices, industrial monitoring and control instruments and other electrical and electronic equipment, to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment while reducing unnecessary administrative burdens on market operators.

This Directive aims to amend Directive 2011/65/EU by re-attributing scientific and technical tasks to the European Chemicals Agency, in line with the "one substance, one assessment" approach. The amendment concerns the exemption application procedure, the procedure for reviewing the list of restricted substances, and the establishment of the roles of the Committee for Risk Assessment and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis, in order to simplify procedures, improve the consistency of scientific quality, increase transparency and reduce the administrative burden on stakeholders. Its scope covers the assessment and control of restricted substances in electrical and electronic equipment.

This Delegated Regulation supplements Directive 2003/87/EC by establishing the annual calculation method for the price difference between eligible aviation fuels and fossil kerosene and the rules for allocating allowances in the EU emissions trading system for aviation. From 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2030, 20 million allowances are reserved to cover the price difference between eligible aviation fuels and fossil kerosene, in order to encourage commercial aircraft operators to use eligible aviation fuels for their low-carbon transition. It also governs the application procedure for aircraft operators, the mechanism for determining fuel prices and the method of allocating allowances.

This Decision establishes an EU framework of targeted restrictive measures to address serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide. It covers genocide, crimes against humanity and serious human rights violations or abuses including torture, slavery, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests, trafficking in human beings, sexual violence, and violations of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, freedom of opinion and expression, and freedom of religion or belief. Measures include restrictions on entry and asset freezes targeting those responsible and those who support them. The framework applies to State actors, actors exercising effective control over territory, and non-State actors. The Council of the European Union establishes and amends the list of persons subject to restrictive measures, acting by unanimity.

This Directive aims to establish minimum rules on the definition of criminal offences and penalties for the violation of Union restrictive measures. Member States must ensure that intentional violations of prohibitions or obligations under Union restrictive measures are subject to criminal penalties, including conduct relating to the freezing of funds and economic resources, prohibited trade in goods and services, the provision of financial or non-financial services, circumvention of restrictive measures and failure to comply with reporting obligations. This Directive applies to natural and legal persons and establishes a comprehensive criminal law framework covering investigation, prosecution, adjudication and enforcement, in order to effectively combat criminal activities that violate Union restrictive measures.

This Decision recognises the 'Sustainable Biomass Program' voluntary scheme as a tool for demonstrating that biomass fuels comply with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving requirements of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU 2018/2001). The scheme covers biomass fuels produced from forest and non-forest lignocellulosic material, processing residues from forestry and agriculture-related industries, and woody agricultural residues from agricultural land. This Decision repeals and replaces Implementing Decision 2022/1657, extends the scope of certification to agricultural residues and applies until 21 December 2029.

This Decision establishes standard contractual clauses to ensure that transfers of personal data to third countries meet the requirements of EU data protection rules. It provides appropriate safeguards, enforceable data subject rights and effective legal remedies for cross-border transfers of personal data between data exporters and data importers. The standard contractual clauses cover four transfer scenarios, namely controller to controller, controller to processor, processor to processor and processor to controller, as well as the involvement of sub-processors.

This Directive aims to provide for a strategic environmental assessment of the environmental effects of certain plans and programmes, ensuring that environmental considerations are integrated into the preparation and adoption of plans and programmes, in order to achieve a high level of environmental protection and promote sustainable development. This Directive covers plans and programmes in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy, industry, transport, waste management, water management, telecommunications, tourism, town and country planning or land use, as well as plans and programmes likely to have significant effects on the conservation of wild fauna and natural habitats.

This Decision aims to establish the format for Member States to communicate information on the implementation of Directive 2012/18/EU on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances. The European Commission has drawn up a uniform reporting form so that Member States can provide implementation information on safety reports, emergency plans, safety measures, inspections and penalties in a standardised manner, in order to improve the effectiveness of industrial accident prevention and the completeness of public information. This Decision repeals and replaces Decision 2014/896/EU and applies to the reporting cycle covering 2023 to 2026.

This Regulation lays down harmonised rules on sustainability-related disclosures in the EU financial services sector. It requires financial market participants and financial advisers to make pre-contractual and subsequent periodic disclosures on the integration of sustainability risks, the consideration of adverse sustainability impacts, the promotion of environmental or social characteristics, and sustainable investment objectives. Its purpose is to reduce information asymmetries, strengthen investor protection and ensure the proper functioning of the internal market.

This Directive establishes minimum standards for the exercise of voting rights by shareholders of listed companies, in order to remove obstacles to cross-border voting, ensure that shareholders can exercise their voting rights effectively and support the smooth functioning of corporate governance in the EU. It governs shareholders' rights to participate in general meetings, to vote, to vote by proxy, to vote by correspondence and to participate electronically, and applies to listed companies that have their registered office in a Member State and whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market.

This Regulation aims to prevent, reduce and eliminate the adverse effects of ship recycling on human health and the environment. Its main elements are: rules on the control and inventory of hazardous materials on ships, the establishment of a European List of ship recycling facilities, procedures for the approval of ship recycling plans, a system of ship surveys and certificates, criteria for including ship recycling facilities in third countries, and stronger supervision and enforcement by Member States. This Regulation applies to ships flying the flag of a Member State and also sets requirements for third-country ships calling at Member State ports.

This Decision aims to amend Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/2323 by updating the European List of ship recycling facilities to reflect renewals of facility authorisations, name changes, changes of operator and adjustments to maximum size specifications. This Decision covers additions, removals and information updates for ship recycling facilities in Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Estonia, Türkiye and the United Kingdom, ensuring that shipowners carry out ship recycling only at facilities included in the List, in compliance with Ship Recycling Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013.

This Directive aims to incorporate important amendments to the international Marpol 73/78 Convention into EU law and to ensure that any company or other legal or natural person is subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive administrative penalties for illegal discharges of polluting substances, in order to improve maritime safety and strengthen protection of the marine environment. This Directive amends Directive 2005/35/EC, extending its scope to Annexes I to VI of Marpol 73/78 (including oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances, sewage, garbage and residues from exhaust gas cleaning systems), and establishes a uniform system of administrative penalties, strengthening effective enforcement and cross-border cooperation against ship-source pollution infringements.

This Regulation establishes the Social Climate Fund, which provides financial support to Member States to address the social impacts of including greenhouse gas emissions from the buildings and road transport sectors in the EU emissions trading system. The Fund is established for the period 2026 to 2032 to help vulnerable households, vulnerable micro-enterprises and vulnerable transport users achieve a fair and inclusive climate transition through measures and investments such as temporary direct income support, energy efficiency investments, decarbonisation of heating and cooling in buildings, and zero- and low-emission mobility and transport.

This Regulation amends Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 to integrate sustainability risks into the governance of insurance and reinsurance undertakings. It requires undertakings to take into account environmental, social and governance-related sustainability risks when identifying, measuring, monitoring, managing, controlling and reporting investment risks; to integrate sustainability risks into their remuneration policies, risk management systems and investment processes; and to take customers' sustainability preferences into account. It applies to insurance and reinsurance undertakings in all EU Member States.

This Directive aims to reduce the harm to human health and the environment caused by sulphur dioxide emissions by limiting the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. It sets maximum sulphur content limits for heavy fuel oil, gas oil, marine gas oil and marine diesel oil within Union territory, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and pollution control zones, and in particular sets phased timelines for marine fuels used by ships, in order to achieve the Union's environmental objectives on air quality and the reduction of acid rain.

This Directive aims to prevent and reduce the impact of certain plastic products, oxo-degradable plastic products and fishing gear containing plastic on the environment, in particular the aquatic environment, and on human health, and to promote the transition to a circular economy, including the development of innovative and sustainable business models, products and materials. Its scope covers the single-use plastic products listed in the Annex, oxo-degradable plastic products and fishing gear containing plastic, and it requires Member States to adopt measures on consumption reduction, market bans, product design requirements, marking, extended producer responsibility and separate collection.

This Delegated Decision approves Sweden's unilateral extension, under Article 30j of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Phase III Directive, of the scope of the emissions trading system for buildings, road transport and additional sectors to further sectors. The Decision authorises Sweden to include four additional sectors (rail transport, inland and recreational shipping, non-road transport, and agriculture, forestry and fisheries), with expected baseline emissions of 1,680,358 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (2016-2018 average). The extension aims to achieve more uniform carbon pricing, reduce administrative burden, and improve environmental integrity and the reliability of emissions monitoring and reporting.

This Regulation establishes an EU classification framework for sustainable investment, setting uniform technical screening criteria to determine whether an economic activity qualifies as environmentally sustainable. It applies to financial products made available by financial market participants, corporate bonds issued, related measures adopted by Member States and the Union, and undertakings that publish a non-financial statement. Its core aim is to channel capital towards environmentally sustainable economic activities and to prevent greenwashing through transparency and disclosure requirements.

This Regulation aims to establish technical screening criteria for determining the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation, and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives. It supplements Regulation (EU) 2020/852 and covers nine categories of economic activities: forestry, environmental protection, manufacturing, energy, transport, water and waste management, construction and real estate, information and communication, and professional services, setting the conditions for the environmental sustainability of sustainable investments through quantitative thresholds, relative improvements, qualitative performance requirements, and process- or practice-based benchmarks.

This Regulation amends Commission Delegated Regulations (EU) 2021/2139 and (EU) 2021/2178 to establish technical screening criteria for fossil gas and nuclear energy activities, so that investors in financial markets can identify gas and nuclear-related activities that meet strict conditions, in order to support the transition of Member States' energy systems towards climate neutrality. These amendments do not mandate any investment; rather, they are intended to help identify the investments that need to be made.

This Regulation aims to lay down harmonised rules on textile fibre names and the related labelling and marking of the fibre composition of textile products. It covers textile products on the Union market, with the aim of eliminating divergent rules between Member States, ensuring that consumers receive accurate and consistent information, and facilitating the free movement of textile products in the internal market. This Regulation covers the use of textile fibre names, labelling and marking requirements, the labelling of products containing non-textile parts of animal origin, methods of quantitative analysis of binary and ternary textile fibre mixtures, and market surveillance provisions.

This Directive harmonises Member States' rules on the manufacture, packaging and sale of tobacco and related products. By establishing common ingredient reporting obligations, maximum emission levels, labelling warnings, traceability and security feature requirements, as well as rules for electronic cigarettes and herbal products for smoking, it facilitates the smooth functioning of the internal market on the basis of a high level of health protection and fulfils the EU's obligations under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This Directive repeals Directive 2001/37/EC; its scope covers the manufacture, ingredients, emissions, labelling, packaging, cross-border distance sales and tracking and tracing of tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, herbal products for smoking and novel tobacco products.

This Directive establishes harmonised toy safety rules to ensure that toys entering the EU market meet safety requirements, in order to protect the health and safety of children. It covers essential safety requirements for toys, including physical and mechanical properties, flammability, chemical properties, electrical properties, hygiene and radioactivity, sets out the obligations of economic operators (manufacturers, importers and distributors), and establishes conformity assessment procedures, the CE marking system and market surveillance mechanisms.

This Directive aims to regulate the safety of toys, ensuring that toys on the EU market meet the essential safety requirements and protecting the health and safety of children. It applies to all products designed or intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age, covering safety requirements on physical and mechanical properties, flammability, chemical properties, electrical properties, hygiene and radioactivity. This Directive sets out the obligations of manufacturers, importers and distributors, establishes the CE marking system and the declaration of conformity procedure, and lays down market surveillance arrangements and procedures for dealing with risks.

This Regulation aims to ensure the safety of toys and to protect children under 14 years of age from toy hazards, including physical, mechanical, chemical, electrical, flammability and hygiene risks. It sets out the essential safety requirements for toys, conformity assessment procedures, CE marking requirements and a Digital Product Passport (DPP) system, and repeals Directive 2009/48/EC, establishing a uniform mechanism for the functioning of the EU internal market so that compliant toys can circulate freely. It also tightens controls on hazardous chemicals, in particular by prohibiting harmful chemicals such as carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances, endocrine disruptors and respiratory sensitisers.

This Directive aims to harmonise transparency requirements within the EU in relation to information disclosed by issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market. For issuers whose securities are already admitted to trading on a regulated market, this Directive establishes disclosure rules for periodic information (annual financial reports, half-yearly financial reports, interim management statements) and ongoing information (notifications of changes in major holdings, information on shareholder rights), in order to protect investors, improve market efficiency and promote the integration of securities markets. This Directive applies to issuers of shares and debt securities admitted to trading on a regulated market in any Member State, but does not apply to units issued by collective investment undertakings.

This Directive aims to improve working conditions by promoting more transparent and predictable employment while preserving labour market adaptability. It lays down minimum requirements applying to all workers in the Union who have an employment contract or employment relationship, including both traditional and non-standard forms of employment (such as zero-hour contracts, on-demand workers and platform workers). Its core provisions include: employers must provide written information on the essential aspects of the employment relationship; probationary periods may not exceed six months; the right to parallel employment is protected; workers with unpredictable work patterns are guaranteed a minimum level of predictability; unreasonable on-demand contracts are prohibited; transition to more stable forms of employment is facilitated; mandatory training must be free of charge and count as working time; protection against retaliatory measures is established; and avenues for redress are provided.

This Regulation aims to establish a framework for the provision of harmonised information on tyres through labelling, disclosing parameters such as fuel efficiency, wet grip, external rolling noise, and snow and ice grip, so that consumers can make informed choices, in order to increase the safety of road transport, protect health and improve economic and environmental efficiency. This Regulation applies to C1, C2 and C3 tyres and lays down obligations on economic operators, distributors, vehicle suppliers and hosting service providers concerning the preparation, display and disclosure of labels and information.

This Directive amends Directive 2010/43/EU to require management companies of undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) to integrate sustainability risks and sustainability factors into their investment decisions, internal control and risk management processes. By extending definitions and strengthening organisational requirements, the identification of conflicts of interest and due diligence obligations, it ensures investor protection and consistency with the EU sustainable finance strategy. It applies to management companies and investment companies, with the principle of proportionality applied according to their size and complexity.

This Directive aims to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market and achieve a high level of consumer protection by approximating the laws of the Member States on unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices. It prohibits unfair commercial practices directed at consumers, including misleading and aggressive practices, sets out the requirements of professional diligence that traders must meet, and provides mechanisms to protect consumers against harm to their economic interests.

This Directive aims to protect the environment from the adverse effects of inadequately treated urban waste water. It concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. Member States must ensure that all agglomerations are provided with collecting systems for urban waste water and that waste water entering collecting systems is subject to secondary or equivalent treatment within the set deadlines. Sludge should be re-used whenever possible, and the disposal of sludge to surface waters must be phased out. Member States must monitor treatment plants, receiving waters and sludge disposal, and establish national implementation programmes to be submitted to the Commission.

This Directive lays down rules on the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater in order to protect the environment and public health. It covers collecting systems for agglomerations of 1,000 population equivalent (p.e.) and above, secondary to quaternary treatment requirements, integrated urban wastewater management plans, extended producer responsibility for micropollutants, energy neutrality targets, cross-border cooperation on wastewater, public access to information and guaranteed access to sanitation. Through progressive requirements and flexible implementation deadlines, it promotes the transition to a circular economy and the achievement of climate neutrality by 2050.

Proposal stage. Drives the real-time digitalisation of VAT reporting within the EU (real-time reporting).

This Directive aims to amend EU waste management directives, namely the Directives on end-of-life vehicles, on batteries and accumulators, and on waste electrical and electronic equipment, by simplifying permit and registration requirements for small undertakings, improving the quality and consistency of data reporting, establishing a single entry point for waste data, strengthening the application of the waste hierarchy and supporting the transition to a circular economy, in order to protect the environment and human health and ensure the prudent use of natural resources. This Directive concerns the uniform implementation of EU-level waste legislation.

This Directive amends the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive and the Environmental Quality Standards Directive, updating the lists of pollutants and the environmental quality standards for surface water and groundwater. Main elements: new PFAS standards (for surface water, the sum of 25 PFAS expressed as PFOA equivalents; for groundwater, the sum of 20 PFAS and a combined value of 0.0044 µg/L for PFHxS/PFOS/PFOA/PFNA); bisphenol A listed as a priority hazardous substance; new standards for pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, primidone); a standard for the sum of pesticides and a harmonised list of metabolites (by 2028-05); emissions of priority hazardous substances must be phased out within 20 years of their designation; watch lists for surface water (up to 10 substances) and groundwater (up to 5 substances), with mandatory monitoring of microplastics and antimicrobial resistance indicators once methods are sufficiently developed; ECHA takes over scientific support; chemical data are reported electronically via Reportnet every two years and biological data every three years; the Commission must assess the feasibility of extended producer responsibility by 2029.

This Regulation aims to ensure that reclaimed water is used safely for agricultural irrigation, by setting minimum water quality and monitoring requirements and laying down risk management measures. It applies to reclaimed water that has been treated at an urban wastewater treatment plant and then further treated, where it is used for agricultural irrigation. By harmonising water quality standards within the Union, this Regulation protects the environment and human and animal health, promotes the circular economy, addresses water scarcity and climate change, and ensures the smooth functioning of the internal market for agricultural products.

This Directive aims to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the adverse impacts of the generation and management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and to contribute to sustainable development by reducing the overall impacts of resource use and improving the efficiency of such use. This Directive applies to producers, distributors and consumers of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), establishes a system of targets for the separate collection, treatment, recovery and recycling of WEEE, and sets out the environmental responsibilities of operators.

This Directive amends Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment in response to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union finding that Article 13(1) of that Directive had unjustified retroactive effect for photovoltaic panels and certain open-scope electrical and electronic equipment placed on the market between 13 August 2005 and 13 August 2012. The amendment adjusts the point in time from which producers bear responsibility for waste, ensures the principle of legal certainty, and introduces specific collection and marking provisions for photovoltaic panels and open-scope equipment. It also requires the European Commission to assess, by 2026, the need for further amendments to the Directive, with particular attention to the application of the polluter-pays principle and the prevention of unjustified retroactive effect.

This Directive aims to establish a framework for EU water policy, setting protection measures for inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater. Its objectives are to prevent further deterioration of the status of water bodies, protect and enhance aquatic ecosystems, promote sustainable water use, progressively reduce groundwater pollution, and take measures for the progressive reduction or phasing out of hazardous substances, in order to achieve the objective of good water status.

This Directive aims to protect the environment and human health, reduce the adverse impacts of resource use and improve the efficiency of resource use by laying down measures for the prevention, collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste. It repeals and replaces Directive 2006/12/EC, Directive 91/689/EEC and Directive 75/439/EEC, establishing a uniform EU legal framework for waste management that covers the definition of waste, the classification of hazardous waste, extended producer responsibility, the waste hierarchy and recycling society targets, as well as the obligations of Member States to draw up waste management plans and waste prevention programmes.

This Directive aims to strengthen the EU waste management regime for food waste and for textiles, textile-related products and footwear by amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste. For food waste, it sets binding reduction targets to be met by 2030: a 10% reduction in processing and manufacturing, and a 30% per capita reduction in retail, restaurants and food services, and households. For textiles, it establishes an extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme requiring operators to take responsibility for the collection, sorting, reuse and recycling of textile waste, promoting the circular economy and reducing the negative impacts of fast fashion.

This Directive aims, by amending Waste Directive 2008/98/EC, to improve waste management in the Union and move towards a circular economy model, strengthen resource efficiency, promote waste prevention, reuse and recycling, and set specific quantitative targets to achieve the objectives of environmental protection and human health. This amending Directive covers the clarification of waste definitions, minimum requirements for extended producer responsibility schemes, separate collection of waste, improvements in product design, food waste reduction, prevention of marine litter, and the related monitoring and reporting mechanisms.

This Directive aims to strengthen enforcement in specific EU policy areas by establishing common minimum standards of protection for persons who report breaches of Union law. It covers breaches in areas including public procurement, financial services, product safety, transport safety, environmental protection, nuclear safety, food and feed safety, animal health and welfare, public health, consumer protection, privacy protection and the internal market. It requires internal and external reporting channels to be established, prohibits retaliation, provides protection measures for reporting persons and ensures that breaches are effectively followed up and investigated.

This Directive aims to achieve equality between men and women with regard to labour market opportunities and treatment at work by facilitating family-related leave, such as parental leave, paternity leave and carers' leave, and flexible working arrangements. It applies to all workers who have an employment contract or employment relationship with an employer, including part-time workers, fixed-term contract workers and temporary agency workers. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure compliance with the minimum requirements laid down in this Directive, including rights to 10 working days of paternity leave, 4 months of parental leave of which 2 months are non-transferable, 5 working days of carers' leave per year, and flexible working arrangements.

This Directive aims to lay down minimum safety and health requirements for the organisation of working time. It covers minimum standards for daily rest, weekly rest, annual leave, breaks and maximum weekly working time, as well as certain aspects of night work, shift work and patterns of work. It applies to all public and private sectors in the EU, except that seafarers, mobile workers, workers on board sea-going fishing vessels and certain specific occupations are subject to separate rules. Member States must take the necessary measures to ensure that all workers are entitled to adequate rest periods and limits on weekly working time, in order to protect the safety and health of workers.

This Regulation aims to amend Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 to reflect the changes to the classification of e-waste adopted at the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention (June 2022). From 1 January 2025, hazardous e-waste is reclassified under entry A1181 and entry A1180 is deleted; non-hazardous e-waste is added to Annex II as entry Y49, and entries B1110 and B4030 are deleted from Annex IX. This Regulation covers the control procedures for transboundary shipments of e-waste, distinguishing between the control requirements for shipments within the EU and those for shipments to third countries, to ensure environmentally sound management.

This Regulation aims to establish procedures and control regimes for shipments of waste in the EU. It covers shipments of waste between Member States within the EU, imports into the EU and exports to third countries. With environmental protection and human health at its core, this Regulation lays down requirements on prior notification, written consent, financial guarantees and tracking for hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and sets out penalties for illegal shipments and take-back obligations.

This Regulation aims to establish a uniform system of supervision and control of waste shipments in the EU in order to protect the environment and human health and to achieve circular economy objectives. It lays down procedures for shipments of waste between Member States, into and out of the EU and in transit through third countries, applying a tiered control system that varies according to the origin, destination and route of the shipment, the type of waste and the treatment at destination. This Regulation repeals and replaces Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006, incorporates the provisions of the Basel Convention Ban Amendment, and sets stricter export restrictions for plastic waste and hazardous waste.